Publio Silio Nerva

Publio Silio Nerva
Console romano
Nome originalePublius Silius Nerva
Nascita53 a.C. circa
Mortepost 16 a.C.
ConsorteCoponia
FigliPublio Silio; Aulo Licinio Nerva Siliano; Gaio Silio
GensSilia
PadrePublio Silio
Consolato20 a.C.
Proconsolato17-16 a.C. a Illirico
Legatus Augusti pro praetore19-17 a.C. in Spagna Tarraconense

Publio Silio Nerva (in latino: Publius Silius Nerva; 53 a.C. circa – post 16 a.C.) è stato un politico e militare romano.

Intimo amico di Augusto, sembra prendesse parte a giochi di dadi con lo stesso imperatore, come ci racconta Svetonio:[1]

«[...] In nessun modo [Augusto] ebbe paura per la sua reputazione riguardo al gioco, e continuò a giocare semplicemente e pubblicamente, perché si divertiva anche quando era vecchio, e non soltanto in dicembre ma anche in tutti gli altri mesi, nei giorni lavorativi e feriali. Di ciò non vi è nessun dubbio. In una lettera autografa scrisse: "Ho cenato, mio caro Tiberio, con le stesse persone; si sono uniti al mio banchetto Vinicio e Silio, il padre: durante la cena abbiamo giocato come dei vecchi, sia ieri, sia oggi. Si gettavano i dadi e ogni volta che ciascuno di noi otteneva il colpo del cane oppure il sei, aggiungeva alla posta in gioco un denario per ogni dado e chi faceva il colpo di Venere prendeva tutto."»

Biografia

Famiglia e consolato (20 a.C.)

Probabilmente figlio del corrispondente di Cicerone Publio Silio, pretore circa nel 56 a.C. ed elogiato propretore di Bitinia nel 51-50 a.C.[2], Silio, dopo una ottima ma sconosciuta carriera militare pretoria[3], divenne, grazie alla sua intima amicizia con Augusto, console nel 20 a.C. insieme a Marco Appuleio[4].

In Spagna (19-17 a.C.) e Illirico (17-16 a.C.)

Dopo il consolato, nel 19 a.C. Silio fu inviato come legatus Augusti nella recentemente costituita e pacificata provincia di Hispania Tarraconensis, dove rimase fino al 17 a.C. e governò in pace in un territorio ormai libero persino dal brigantaggio[5][6]. Nel 17-16 a.C. fu nominato, probabilmente dal suo caro amico Augusto extra sortem[7], proconsole di Illirico[8], dove sconfisse e sottomise le tribù alpine ribelli dei Camunni e dei Vennones, e contrastò efficacemente insieme ai suoi luogotenenti un'incursione in Istria dei Pannoni e dei Norici, i quali vennero poi sottomessi[9].

Discendenza

Sposato con Coponia, figlia del pretore del 49 a.C. Gaio Coponio, proveniente da Tibur e noto per un piccato rimprovero in senato ai danni di Lucio Munazio Planco nel 32 a.C.[10][11], Silio ebbe tre figli, che ascesero tutti al consolato sotto Augusto, segno della grande amicizia che lo legava al primo princeps e anche presumibilmente al suo erede Tiberio[12][13]: Publio Silio, legatus Augusti in Mesia[14] e console suffectus nel 3 d.C., probabilmente morto poco dopo; Aulo Licinio Nerva Siliano, adottato (presumibilmente dal triumviro monetale del 47 a.C. Aulo Licinio Nerva) nella gens Licinia, forse vicina ai Silii[15], amico di Augusto e console ordinario nel 7 d.C., morendo subito dopo prematuramente[16]; e Gaio Silio, console ordinario nel 13 d.C., legato e amico di Germanico, per la cui amicizia morì, suicidandosi nel processo a suo carico nel 24 d.C.

Note

  1. ^ SvetonioAugustus, 70.
  2. ^ Cicerone, ad Familiares, XIII, 61-65; cfr. RE III,1 (1927), s.v. Silius 8 (Münzer).
  3. ^ (EN) Ronald Syme, The Augustan aristocracy, Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1986, p. 43.
  4. ^ CIL XV, 4559
  5. ^ CIL II, 3414
  6. ^ Velleio Patercolo, II, 90, 4.
  7. ^ (FR) Frédéric Hurlet, Le proconsul et le prince d'Auguste à Dioclétien, Bordeaux, Ausonius, 2006, pp. 88-89.
  8. ^ CIL III, 2973
  9. ^ Cassio Dione, Storia Romana, LIV, 20, 1-2.
  10. ^ Velleio Patercolo, II, 83, 4.
  11. ^ Ronald Syme, The Augustan aristocracy, Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1986, p. 44
  12. ^ Ronald Syme, The Augustan aristocracy, Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1986, pp. 52, 95, 97, 101, 425-426.
  13. ^ Diana Gorostidi Pi, Sui consoli dell'anno 13 d.C.: nuovi dati dai Fasti Consulares Tusculani, in Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik, vol. 189, 2014, p. 273 n. 36.
  14. ^ Velleio Patercolo, II, 101, 3.
  15. ^ cfr. RE III,1 (1927), s.v. Silius 8 (Münzer).
  16. ^ Velleio Patercolo, II, 116, 4.

Bibliografia

Fonti primarie
Fonti storiografiche moderne
  • Klaus Wachtel, S 726, in Werner Eck, Matthäus Heil, Klaus Wachtel, M. Horster, A. Krieckhaus, A. Strobach (a cura di), Prosopographia Imperii Romani saec. I. II. III, VII.2, 2ª ed., Berlin - New York, De Gruyter, 2006, ISBN 978-3-11-019316-9.
  • (EN) Ronald Syme, The Augustan aristocracy, Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1986.

Voci correlate

Collegamenti esterni

Predecessore Fasti consulares Successore
Marco Lollio
e
Quinto Emilio Lepido
(20 a.C.)
con Marco Appuleio
Gaio Senzio Saturnino
e
Quinto Lucrezio Vespillone

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