Potenziale d'azione atriale

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Lo stesso argomento in dettaglio: Potenziale d'azione.

In elettrocardiografia, il potenziale d'azione atriale è un potenziale d'azione che si evidenzia negli atri^[1].

Tali potenziali sono simili ai potenziali d'azione ventricolari con l'eccezione che hanno una ridotta fase 2 (fase di plateau)^[2] a causa di un flusso di calcio più piccolo. Inoltre, in confronto al potenziale d'azione ventricolare, potenziali di azione atriali hanno un periodo di ripolarizzazione più lenta, ciò indica che le correnti di ripolarizzazione non sono molto ampie e che non hanno un grande picco.

Applicazioni

I potenziali d'azione atriali si modificano in diverse patologie aritmiche cardiache, soprattutto nella fibrillazione atriale.^[3]^[4] La conduzione seno-atriale è implicata nella prognosi di diverse aritmie, che vengono valutate solitamente con l'holter elettrocardiografico^[5]

Note

^ A. Fabiato, F. Fabiato, The two components of the human atrial action potential., in Circ Res, vol. 29, n. 3, Sep 1971, pp. 296-305, PMID 5093289.
^ K. Hermsmeyer, R. Rulon; N. Sperelakis, Loss of the plateau of the cardiac action potential in hypertonic solutions., in J Gen Physiol, vol. 59, n. 6, Jun 1972, pp. 779-93, PMID 4537243.
^ C. Sánchez, A. Bueno-Orovio; E. Wettwer; S. Loose; J. Simon; U. Ravens; E. Pueyo; B. Rodriguez, Inter-subject variability in human atrial action potential in sinus rhythm versus chronic atrial fibrillation., in PLoS One, vol. 9, n. 8, 2014, pp. e105897, DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0105897, PMID 25157495.
^ GG. Lalani, AA. Schricker; P. Clopton; DE. Krummen; SM. Narayan, Frequency analysis of atrial action potential alternans: a sensitive clinical index of individual propensity to atrial fibrillation., in Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol, vol. 6, n. 5, Oct 2013, pp. 859-67, DOI:10.1161/CIRCEP.113.000204, PMID 23995250.
^ K. Makowski, E. Kramarz, Holter monitoring, sinoatrial conduction time, prognosis., in Cardiol J, vol. 20, n. 5, 2013, pp. 539-44, DOI:10.5603/CJ.2013.0140, PMID 24469879.

V · D · M

Sistema cardiovascolare, fisiologia: fisiologia cardiovascolare

Cuore umano

Volumi	Gittata sistolica = Volume telediastolico – Volume telesistolico Gittata cardiaca = Frequenza cardiaca × Gittata sistolica Postcarico · Precarico Legge di Frank-Starling · Curva della funzione cardiaca · Curva del ritorno venoso · Calcolo dell'area valvolare aortica · Frazione di eiezione · Indice cardiaco
Diagrammi di Interazione	Ciclo cardiaco · Diagramma di Wiggers · Diagramma pressione-volume
Tropismo	Cronotropo · Dromotropo · Inotropismo · Batmotropo · Lusitropo
Sistema di conduzione del cuore/ Elettrofisiologia cardiaca	Potenziale d'azione (Potenziale d'azione atriale, Potenziale d'azione ventricolare) · Periodo refrattario effettivo · Potenziale delle cellule segnapassi · ECG (Onda P, Intervallo PR, Complesso QRS, Intervallo QT, Segmento ST, Onda T, Onda U) · Sistema di riferimento esassiale
Pressione delle Camere cardiache	Pressione venosa centrale/Pressione dell'atrio destro → Pressione del ventricolo destro → Pressione arteriosa polmonare → Pressione capillare polmonare/Pressione dell'atrio sinistro → Pressione del ventricolo sinistro → Pressione aortica
altri	Rimodellamento ventricolare

Sistema vascolare/
Emodinamica

Flusso sanguigno	Capacitanza · Resistenza vascolare (Resistenza periferica totale) · Polso · Perfusione
Pressione del sangue	Pressione sistolica · Pressione diastolica · Pressione arteriosa media · Pressione arteriosa differenziale · Pressione venosa centrale · Pressione venosa portale
Regolazione della PA	Barocettore · Riflesso barocettivo · Sistema chinina-callicreina · Sistema renina-angiotensina · Vasocostrittore/Vasodilatatori · Autoregolazione (Meccanismo miogenico, Feedback tubuloglomerulare, Autoregolazione cerebrale) · Paragangli (Corpo aortico, Corpo carotideo, Cellule dei glomi)

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