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Pluralismo

Disambiguazione – Se stai cercando altri significati, vedi Pluralismo (disambigua).

Il pluralismo, nelle scienze sociali, è la condizione di una società in cui individui e gruppi diversi per etnia, religione, cultura, orientamento politico o altro, coesistono nella tolleranza reciproca, conservando un'autonoma partecipazione alla vita pubblica e mantenendo una gestione autonoma delle proprie tradizioni culturali o ideologiche.[1][2]

Nella filosofia il pluralismo indica invece una concezione che considera la realtà costituita da una pluralità di principi considerati tutti come fondamentali e non riducibili uno all'altro, al contrario del monismo.[1][2][3][4]

Descrizione

Nelle società autoritarie od oligarchiche il potere politico è concentrato in poche mani e le decisioni vengono prese da un ristretto numero di persone. Al contrario, in una società pluralistica il potere e la facoltà di prendere decisioni (assumendosi la responsabilità delle relative conseguenze) sono distribuiti.

Il pluralismo, infine, nega l'esistenza di una verità universale e oggettiva, e pertanto viene spesso ritenuto un pericolo per certe autorità, tipicamente, ma non soltanto, quelle religiose. È chiaro che, mentre il pluralismo tenta di armonizzare (senza assimilazioni e senza negare le differenze) posizioni diverse, quali ad esempio quella occidentale e quella islamica circa i diritti delle donne, l'irrigidimento fanatico su una delle due non può che portare a un conflitto (cosa che il pluralismo cerca appunto di evitare).

Il filosofo e teologo Raimon Panikkar ha fondato nei suoi testi il pluralismo su una solida base metafisica, superando le eccezioni sollevate da coloro che ritengono il pluralismo un'ennesima forma di relativismo agnostico, mostrando che è possibile parlare di verità anche senza ridurre tutta la realtà ad un unico punto di vista.

Alla visione teologica di Panikkar, fortemente influenzata dal Buddhismo, si contrappongono concezioni di ontologia pluralistica niente affatto metafisiche.

Il pluralismo dell'informazione nelle democrazie moderne è garantito dal principio della liberta' di antenna e dalla par condicio che assicura tempi di gestione equi e proporzionati del mezzo televisivo.

Note

  1. ^ a b pluralismo in Vocabolario - Treccani, su treccani.it. URL consultato il 13 febbraio 2019 (archiviato dall'url originale il 15 settembre 2018).
  2. ^ a b Pluralismo: Definizione e significato di Pluralismo – Dizionario italiano – Corriere.it, su dizionari.corriere.it. URL consultato il 13 febbraio 2019.
  3. ^ Pluralismo in "Enciclopedia delle scienze sociali", su treccani.it. URL consultato il 13 febbraio 2019 (archiviato dall'url originale il 25 settembre 2018).
  4. ^ pluralismo: significato e definizione - Dizionari, su pluralismo: significato e definizione - Dizionari - La Repubblica. URL consultato il 13 febbraio 2019.

Bibliografia

  • Raimon Panikkar, La torre di Babele. Pace e pluralismo, Edizioni Cultura della pace, San Domenico di Fiesole (FI), 1990.
  • Karl Popper, La società aperta e i suoi nemici, Edizioni Armando, 2004.
  • Victor M. Muniz-Fraticelli, The Structure of Pluralism, 0199673888, 9780199673889 Oxford University Press 2014

Voci correlate

Altri progetti

Collegamenti esterni

Controllo di autoritàThesaurus BNCF 19148 · GND (DE4046401-5 · J9U (ENHE987007558092905171

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