Pila di Bunsen

Pila di Bunsen

La pila di Bunsen (o cella di Bunsen) è una pila primaria (cioè non ricaricabile) inventata da Robert Wilhelm Eberhard Bunsen nel 1841.[1]

La pila di Bunsen venne ideata modificando l'antecedente pila di Grove, dalla quale si differenzia per l'utilizzo di un catodo a carbone al posto del costoso catodo di platino della pila di Grove;[1] grazie a tale modifica, che ne abbatteva i costi, la pila di Bunsen poteva essere prodotta su larga scala.[1]

Come la pila di Grove, la pila di Bunsen utilizza un anodo in zinco immerso in una soluzione di acido solforico (H2SO4); il catodo in carbone è invece immerso in una soluzione di acido nitrico (HNO3) o acido cromico (H2CrO4). Le due semicelle sono separate da un setto poroso.

La reazione globale della cella è la seguente:[2]

Zn + H2SO4 + 2HNO3 ZnSO4 + 2 H2O + 2 NO2

Tale reazione assicura un potenziale di cella pari a 1,9 V.

La cella di Bunsen fu utilizzata da Henri Moissan, che realizzò un sistema di 90 celle di Bunsen per ottenere il fluoro (F2) attraverso l'elettrolisi dell'acido fluoridrico (HF).

Note

  1. ^ a b c (EN) Ashok K. Shukla e T. Prem Kumar, Pillars of Modern Electrochemistry: A Brief History (2008). Archiviato il 20 agosto 2013 in Internet Archive.
  2. ^ Carhart, Henry Smith, Primary Batteries, Boston, Allyn and Bacon, 1891, pp. 179–180. URL consultato il 13 settembre 2008.

Voci correlate

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