Permiani

Permiani
I popoli finnici, slavi ed i cazari nel IX secolo ca. I permiani segnati in rosso
 
Luogo d'originePermia
Popolazioneugrofinnici
Lingualingue permiche
Manuale

I Permiani[1] o Biarmiani[2] sono un ramo dei popoli ugrofinnici, inclusi i Komi e gli Udmurti, che parlano lingue permiche.

Gli antenati dei Permiani abitavano originariamente la terra chiamata Permia che copriva il corso centrale e superiore del fiume Kama. I Permiani si divisero in due gruppi nel IX secolo.[3]

I Komi vennero ad essere dominati dalla Repubblica di Novgorod nel XIII secolo e furono convertiti al Cristianesimo ortodosso nel 1360–1370. Nel 1471–1478 le terre furono conquistate dal Granducato di Mosca che più tardi divenne zarato di Russia. Nel XVIII secolo le autorità russe aprirono le zone meridionali alla colonizzazione e quelle settentrionali divennero un luogo per il confinamento dei prigionieri politici e i criminali.[1]

Gli Udmurti caddero sotto il dominio di Tatari, Orda d'Oro e Khanato di Kazan fino a che la loro terra non venne ceduta alla Russia ed il popolo cristianizzato all'inizio del XVIII secolo.[4]

Note

  1. ^ a b James Minahan, Un'Europa, molte nazioni, Greenwood Publishing Group, ISBN 978-0-313-30984-7.
  2. ^ William Tooke, View of the Russian Empire During the Reign of Catharine the Second, and to the Close of the Present Century., a cura di T. N. Longman, O. Rees e J. Debrett, London, 1799, pp. 527-532.
  3. ^ (EN) Nikolaĭ Leskov, Ai confini del mondo, St Vladimir's Seminary Press, 1992, ISBN 978-0-88141-118-8.
  4. ^ (EN) Rein Taagepera, Le repubbliche ugro-finniche e lo Stato Russo, Routledge, 1999, ISBN 978-0-415-91977-7.

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