Peridotite

Peridotite
Peridotite a granati
CategoriaRoccia magmatica
Minerali principaliOlivina, pirosseno
Minerali accessoriAllumina, plagioclasio, spinello, granato
TessituraFaneritica
ColoreDa nero a verde scuro
VarietàHarzburgite, Dunite, Lherzolite
Ambiente di formazioneMantello

Le peridotiti sono rocce ultrafemiche.

Descrizione

Affioramento di peridotiti Serra da Capelada, Spagna)
Campione di peridotite arrossata seguito di degradazione meteorica

Si tratta di rocce caratteristiche del mantello superiore[1], costituite essenzialmente da olivina (circa il 60% in volume), clinopirosseno (circa il 15%) e ortopirosseno (circa il 25%). Oltre a queste 3 fasi principali può essere presente una fase alluminifera (al massimo 5% in volume), variabile in base alla pressione; a bassa pressione (P< 1GPa) è presente plagioclasio, a pressioni intermedie (1GPa <P<2,5 GPa) uno spinello alluminifero con Fe e Cr, e ad alte pressioni (P> 2,5 GPa) un granato ricco di piropo.

La fusione parziale delle peridotiti produce un magma basaltico in corrispondenza delle dorsali oceaniche. Non risulta particolarmente comune trovare peridotiti "fresche", ossia con i minerali inalterati; infatti il cambiamento progressivo delle condizioni al contorno (pressione e temperatura) e specialmente l'interazione con fluidi acquosi circolanti fa sì che buona parte della paragenesi metamorfizzi a dare clorite, serpentino, anfibolo ed altri minerali idrati e/o di alterazione. Il loro colore tipico varia tra il verde scuro e il nerastro.[2]

Note

  1. ^ AA:VV., peridotite, in Enciclopedia on line, Istituto Treccani. URL consultato il 7 novembre 2022.
  2. ^ AA.VV., Foglio 171 - Cesana Torinese (PDF), in Note illustrative della Carta Geologica d'Italia in scala 1:50.000, Istituto Superiore per la Ricerca la e Protezione Ambientale, p. 35. URL consultato il 7 novembre 2022.

Voci correlate

Altri progetti

Collegamenti esterni

  • Immagine (JPG), su gc.maricopa.edu. URL consultato il 29 maggio 2006 (archiviato dall'url originale il 18 maggio 2006).
  • Peridotite [collegamento interrotto], su liceoariosto.it.
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