Parapsicephalus purdoni

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Parapsicephalus
Fossile del cranio di Parapsicephalus purdoni
Stato di conservazione
Fossile
Classificazione scientifica
DominioEukaryota
RegnoAnimalia
PhylumChordata
ClasseReptilia
SottoclasseDiapsida
OrdinePterosauria
SottordineRhamphorhynchoidea
GenereParapsicephalus
SpecieP. purdoni

Il parapsicefalo (Parapsicephalus purdoni) è un rettile estinto appartenente agli pterosauri. Visse nel Giurassico inferiore (Toarciano, circa 190 milioni di anni fa). I suoi resti fossili sono stati ritrovati in Inghilterra, nei pressi di Whitby (Yorkshire).

Descrizione

Conosciuto esclusivamente per un cranio parziale privo della parte anteriore del muso. Nonostante la scarsità dei resti, il cranio di questo animale ha conservato un'impronta della cavità endocranica (e quindi del cervello). Sembra che il parapsicefalo (e probabilmente tutti gli pterosauri simili) fosse dotato di un cervello di grosse dimensioni rispetto agli altri rettili, probabilmente in gran parte deputato al controllo del movimento aereo. Per quanto riguarda il possibile aspetto di questo animale, è probabile che fosse uno pterosauro simile a Rhamphorhynchus, dotato di ampie ali membranose e di una lunga coda. Il capo doveva essere sottile e armato di lunghi denti aguzzi. L'apertura alare doveva aggirarsi intorno a un metro.

Classificazione

Ricostruzione del cranio di Parapsicephalus purdoni

Scoperto sul finire dell' '800 dal reverendo D.W. Purdon (che fu poi omaggiato con l'epiteto specifico) il parapsicefalo venne inizialmente descritto da E.T. Newton come una nuova specie di Scaphognathus. Fu solo nel 1919 che venne riconosciuto lo status di genere a sé stante per questo animale. Recentemente alcuni autori hanno ipotizzato che vi siano notevoli similitudini tra questo animale e Dorygnathus della Germania, tanto da considerarli appartenenti a un solo genere. In ogni caso, il parapsicefalo era un membro dei ranforincoidi, il gruppo più primitivo di pterosauri, e la famiglia a cui apparteneva era probabilmente quella dei ranforinchidi (Rhamphorhynchidae).

Stile di vita

La cavità endocranica del parapsicefalo indica che le dimensioni del cervello di questo animale erano notevoli, in particolare rispetto a quelle degli altri rettili coevi. L'ampiezza delle varie aree cerebrali relative ai diversi sensi indica che il parapsicefalo possedeva una vista molto sviluppata, al contrario dell'olfatto. La parte cerebellare e i lobi associati erano molto grandi, a conferma che questo pterosauro possedeva un notevole controllo dei movimenti.

Bibliografia

  • Carroll, R.L. (1988). Vertebrate Paleontology and Evolution. W.H. Freeman and Company: New York, 698 pp. ISBN 0716718227.
  • Newton, E.T. (1888). On the skull, brain, and auditory organ of a new species of pterosaurian (Scaphognathus purdoni) from the Upper Lias near Whitby, Yorkshire. Philospophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, B 179:503-537
  • Unwin, D.M. (2006). The Pterosaurs: From Deep Time. Pi Press: New York, p. 272. ISBN 0-13-146308-X.
  • von Arthaber, G. (1919). Studien über Flugsaurier auf Grund der Bearbeitung des Wiener exemplars von Dorygnathus banthensis Theod Sp. Denkschriften der königlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftlichen Klasse 97:391-464. [German]
  • Wellnhofer, Peter (1996) [1991]. The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Pterosaurs. New York: Barnes and Noble Books. pp. 77–78. ISBN 0-7607-0154-7.

Collegamenti esterni

  Portale Rettili: accedi alle voci di Wikipedia che trattano di rettili

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