Orologio automatico

Disambiguazione – Se stai cercando il dispositivo elettrico, vedi Temporizzatore.
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Dispositivo di orologio automatico

Un orologio automatico è un orologio da polso meccanico che ha la caratteristica di ricaricarsi sfruttando il movimento di un rotore posto in esso, provocato a sua volta dal movimento della superficie sulla quale è appoggiato e quindi del braccio del suo possessore, rendendo superflua ogni operazione di ricarica manuale. Il rotore gira attorno a un perno e, muovendosi grazie all'oscillazione del braccio in movimento, agisce sulla molla che ricarica il meccanismo.

Ogni meccanismo è detto "calibro"; dall'accuratezza di costruzione dipende la buona funzionalità e di conseguenza la maggiore precisione. Nel caso degli orologi a carica automatica, la molla è costantemente ricaricata e fornisce al movimento un'erogazione di forza costante.

Oltre alla maggior precisione[senza fonte], gli orologi automatici hanno il notevole vantaggio di essere meglio predisposti ai danni derivanti dalla polvere e umidità. Non dovendo ricaricare giornalmente il meccanismo tramite la corona, le guarnizioni mantengono le loro qualità e quindi proteggono l'orologio dagli agenti esterni.

I primi ad inventare movimenti automatici furono Abraham-Louis Perrelet e Abraham-Louis Breguet, ma solo con Harwood si ebbe la diffusione dell'automatico. Attualmente esistono in commercio molti calibri, dai più commerciali a quelli estremamente ricercati per le complicazioni che montano. Tra i più popolari si ricordano i Miyota, gli ETA e i Seiko.

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