Organicismo (psicologia)

L'organicismo in psicologia si riferisce a quelle teorie che prospettavano l'azione di elementi organici (anatomici, fisiologici, biochimici) nel determinare fenomeni psichici e psicopatologici.

Prima dell'avvento della psicoanalisi di Sigmund Freud quasi tutta la psichiatria attribuiva il sorgere di psicopatologie, anche le più superficiali e transitorie, alle lesioni fisiche o alterazioni, anche in misura insignificante, del sistema nervoso.

Rientrano nell'organicismo psicologico:

Il dibattito tra organicisti e antiorganicisti è tuttora presente ma con toni più attenuati dovuti all'affermazione delle teorie psicoanalitiche e soprattutto della psicodinamica i cui apporti alla psichiatria non possono più essere considerati secondari.

Si deve soprattutto alla psicologia dinamica infatti, la ormai diffusa convinzione tra gli specialisti che la maggior parte delle nevrosi si basino sul fenomeno del conflitto psichico che si riferisce primariamente all'idea freudiana del costante conflitto fra desiderio e difesa, vale a dire fra un movimento verso un oggetto, un obiettivo ed una serie di "impedimenti" dettati dalla morale o da altre regole comportamentali apprese.

Note

  1. ^ Achille De Giovanni fu il grande caposcuola del costituzionalismo, dottrina che opponeva al concetto di cause esclusivamente esterne delle malattie quello dei fattori costituzionali, cioè della predisposizione individuale a contrarre determinate malattie, introducendo così l'ereditarietà quale elemento diagnostico.

Bibliografia

  Portale Psicologia: accedi alle voci di Wikipedia che trattano di Psicologia

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