Offerta

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In generale un'offerta è quanto si propone di dare in cambio di qualcosa. In ambito economico, per curva di offerta si intende la quantità totale che i produttori sono disposti a vendere ad un dato livello di prezzo. La relazione tra quantità e prezzo è una funzione crescente, cioè all'aumentare del prezzo di un bene aumenta la quantità offerta, che invece diminuisce al diminuire del prezzo.

L'elasticità dell'offerta rispetto al prezzo, indicata con $\varepsilon _{p,Q}$ misura la variazione percentuale della quantità offerta divisa per la variazione percentuale del prezzo.

$\varepsilon _{p,Q}={{\Delta Q \over Q_{1}}*100 \over {\Delta p \over p_{1}}*100}={\Delta Q \over Q_{1}}*{p_{1} \over \Delta p}={\Delta Q \over \Delta p}*{p_{1} \over Q_{1}}$

dove:

$\Delta p$ è la variazione subita dal prezzo $p_{1}$ ;
$\Delta Q$ è la variazione subita dalla quantità offerta $Q_{1}$ col passaggio del prezzo da $p_{1}$ a $p_{1}+\Delta p$ .

Se la quantità può variare in modo continuo, e la funzione di offerta è derivabile, allora dalla relazione precedente si può ottenere:

$\varepsilon _{p,Q}={\partial Q \over \partial p}*{p_{1} \over Q_{1}}$

Il valore dell'elasticità dell'offerta dà informazioni sulla suscettibilità della quantità offerta alle variazioni del prezzo:

se $\varepsilon =0$ l'offerta è perfettamente rigida, e significa che le variazioni del prezzo non influenzano la quantità offerta;
se $0<\varepsilon <1$ l'offerta è anelastica, e significa che una variazione del prezzo di un punto percentuale determina una variazione della quantità offerta inferiore ad un punto percentuale;
se $\varepsilon =1$ l'offerta è a elasticità unitaria, e significa che una variazione del prezzo di un punto percentuale determina una variazione della quantità offerta pari ad un punto percentuale;
se $\varepsilon >1$ l'offerta è elastica, e significa che una variazione del prezzo di un punto percentuale determina una variazione della quantità offerta superiore ad un punto percentuale.

Nel linguaggio commerciale e pubblicitario, offerta vuol dire generalmente offerta speciale, cioè un prezzo favorevole praticato a scopo di promozione per un tempo breve. Il pubblico è abituato a scegliere i prodotti offerti a condizioni di favore, talora con sistemi ingannevoli.^[1]

Note

^ Esempio di domanda e offerta Archiviato il 17 aprile 2016 in Internet Archive.

Voci correlate

Altri progetti

Wikizionario contiene il lemma di dizionario «offerta»

Collegamenti esterni

(EN) supply curve, su Enciclopedia Britannica, Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.

Controllo di autorità	Thesaurus BNCF 13915

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