North American A-36 Apache

North American A-36 Apache
Il North American A-36A Apache esposto al National Museum of the United States Air Force
Descrizione
Tipoaereo da attacco al suolo
bombardiere in picchiata
Equipaggio1
ProgettistaEdgar Schmued
CostruttoreStati Uniti (bandiera) North American
Data primo voloottobre 1942
Data entrata in servizio1942
Data ritiro dal servizio1945
Utilizzatore principaleStati Uniti (bandiera) USAAF
Altri utilizzatoriRegno Unito (bandiera) RAF
Esemplari500
Costo unitario$ 49 000
Sviluppato dalNorth American P-51 Mustang
Dimensioni e pesi
Tavole prospettiche
Lunghezza9,83 m (32 ft 3 in)
Apertura alare11,28 m (37 ft 0.25 in)
Altezza3,71 m (12 ft 2 in)
Superficie alare21,83 (235 ft²)
Peso carico4 535 kg (10 000 lb)
Propulsione
Motoreun Allison V-1710-87
Potenza1 325 hp (988 kW)
Prestazioni
Velocità max590 km/h (365 mph, 315 kt)
Velocità di crociera400 km/h (250 mph, 215 kt)
Autonomia885 km (550 mi, 478 nm)
Tangenza7 650 m (25 100 ft)
Armamento
Mitragliatrici6 Browning M2 calibro .50 in (12,7 mm)
Bombefino a 1 000 lb (454 kg)
Piloni2
Notedati riferiti alla versione A-36A

dati tratti da National Museum of USAF.[1]

voci di aerei militari presenti su Wikipedia

Il North American A-36 Apache, conosciuto anche con il nome non ufficiale di Invader[1], era un aereo da attacco al suolo e bombardiere in picchiata monomotore ad ala bassa prodotto dall'azienda statunitense North American Aviation negli anni quaranta.

Sviluppato dal caccia P-51 Mustang, venne impiegato nei teatri bellici in Europa e Asia dall'United States Army Air Forces e dalla britannica Royal Air Force durante la seconda guerra mondiale.[2]

Storia del progetto

L'A-36 Apache era uno sviluppo per l'attacco al suolo del caccia intercettore P-51, prodotto dalla stessa North American. Lo sviluppo ebbe inizio nel 1940 e il velivolo ebbe il battesimo dell'aria nell'ottobre 1942. L'A-36A fu l'unica versione prodotta del velivolo. La produzione terminò nel 1943 dopo che furono costruiti dagli stabilimenti North American almeno 500 aerei. Il soprannome non ufficiale dell'Apache era "Invader" (in italiano "Invasore").[2]

Tecnica

Cellula

La fusoliera e l'abitacolo dell'Invader non differiscono molto dal P-51A, con un abitacolo chiuso nella parte superiore dalla fusoliera. I carrelli anteriori erano inseriti nelle ali, mentre il ruotino di coda era inseribile nella coda. Le ali erano basse, contenevano quattro delle sei mitragliatrici in dotazione (mentre le altre due erano in fusoliera) e disponevano di aerofreni capaci di rallentare a 650 km/h la picchiata, che si sconsigliava di spingere oltre i 70 gradi.[2]

Armamento

L'armamento consisteva in 6 mitragliatrici pesanti Browning M2 e di 454 kg (1 000 lb) di carico per i due piloni subalari.[2]

Impiego operativo

Un A-36A in servizio con la Royal Air Force.

L'A-36a equipaggiò inizialmente il 27º e 86º gruppo di bombardamento in picchiata, partecipando nel giugno 1943 ad azioni di combattimento presso Pantelleria e sul Mediterraneo. Oltre al bombardamento in picchiata, gli aerei furono anche utilizzati per la scorta ai bombardieri.

L'Apache servì anche nel 311º gruppo cacciabombardieri di stanza in India e 522º gruppo cacciabombardieri operante in Tunisia, Sicilia e nel resto d'Italia. Dal 1944 fu sostituito dal Republic P-47 Thunderbolt e dal P-51 Mustang dotati di piloni per bombe e razzi, che avevano anche ottime prestazioni ad alta quota. Nonostante il suo utilizzo limitato, gli sono accreditate 84 vittorie aeree.[2]

Utilizzatori

Regno Unito (bandiera) Regno Unito
Stati Uniti

Esemplari attualmente esistenti

L'A-36A battezzato "Margie H" esposto nella Air Power Gallery del National Museum of the United States Air Force.

Al termine del conflitto i molti esemplari sopravvissuti vennero dismessi e demoliti; uno di questi venne acquistato per concorrere nelle competizioni aeronautiche.

Ai nostri giorni sono noti quattro esemplari ancora esistenti, un A-36A battezzato "Margie H" facente parte della collezione del National Museum of the United States Air Force, presso la Wright-Patterson AFB, nell'Ohio, più almeno altri tre in fase di restauro.

Note

  1. ^ a b National Museum of USAF, North American A-36A Apache.
  2. ^ a b c d e Military Factory, North American A-36 Apache (Invader).

Bibliografia

  • (EN) Ken Delve, The Mustang Story, London, Cassell & Co., 1999, ISBN 1-85409-259-6.
  • (EN) Roger A. Freeman, Mustang at War, New York, Doubleday and Company, Inc., 1974, ISBN 0-385-06644-9.
  • (EN) Robert Grinsell, P-51 Mustang, in Great Book of World War II Airplanes, New York, 1984, ISBN 0-517-45993-0.
  • (EN) Bill Gunston, Robert F. Dorr, North American P-51 Mustang: The Fighter that Won the War (Wings of Fame Vol. 1), London, 1995, ISBN 1-874023-68-9.
  • (EN) Robert W. Gruenhagen, Mustang: The Story of the P-51 Mustang, New York, 1969, ISBN 0-668-03912-4.
  • (EN) William N. Hess, Fighting Mustang: The Chronicle of the P-51, New York, 1970, ISBN 0-912173-04-1.
  • (EN) Reed Kinnert, Racing Planes and Air Races: A Complete History, Volume IV: 1946-1967, revised ed., Fallbrook, California, 1969, ISBN 0-8168-7853-6.
  • (EN) Peter C. Smith, Straight Down! The North American A-36 dive bomber in action, London, 2000, ISBN 0-947554-73-4.
  • (EN) Mike Spick, The North American P-51 Mustang, in Great Aircraft of WWII, Leicester, UK, Abbeydale Press, 1997, ISBN 1-86147-001-0.
  • (EN) John W.R. Taylor, North American P-51 Mustang, in Combat Aircraft of the World from 1909 to the present, New York, G.P. Putnam's Sons, 1969, ISBN 0-425-03633-2.
  • (EN) United States Air Force Museum, Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio, Air Force Museum Foundation, 1975.

Riviste

  • Joe Mizrahi, Pursuit Plane 51, in Airpower, Vol. 25, no. 5, settembre 1995, pp. 5–53.

Altri progetti

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