NGC 2420

NGC 2420
Ammasso aperto
NGC 2420
Scoperta
ScopritoreWilliam Herschel
Data1783
Dati osservativi
(epoca J2000)
CostellazioneGemelli
Ascensione retta07h 38m 24s[1]
Declinazione+21° 34′ 27″[1]
Distanza10060[2] a.l.
(3085[2] pc)
Magnitudine apparente (V)8,3[1]
Dimensione apparente (V)10'
Caratteristiche fisiche
TipoAmmasso aperto
ClasseI 1 r
Età stimata1,1 miliardi di anni[2]
Altre designazioni
Cr 154, Mel 69, OCl 488, Lund 364, H VI-1, h 458, GC 1549[1]
Mappa di localizzazione
NGC 2420
Categoria di ammassi aperti

NGC 2420 è un ammasso aperto visibile nella costellazione dei Gemelli.

Osservazione

Mappa per individuare NGC 2420.

Si può individuare con facilità congiungendo idealmente le due stelle luminose Polluce e Procione e fermandosi circa a un terzo della distanza partendo da Polluce. È individuabile anche con un binocolo, ma vi appare come un oggetto nebuloso; un piccolo telescopio amatoriale è invece sufficiente per risolverlo in parte: si possono notare alcune stelle di decima magnitudine, mentre per risolverlo appieno occorrono telescopi da 120-150mm. Quest'ammasso si trova perfettamente sull'eclittica, al punto da essere frequentemente soggetto a occultazioni da parte degli oggetti del sistema solare; in quest'epoca il Sole vi transita davanti attorno al 15 luglio.

La declinazione moderatamente settentrionale di quest'ammasso favorisce gli osservatori dell'emisfero nord, sebbene si presenti circumpolare solo a partire da latitudini molto elevate; dall'emisfero australe la sua osservazione risulta penalizzata soltanto dalle regioni situate a elevate latitudini settentrionali ed è osservabile da quasi tutte le aree popolate della Terra.[3] Il periodo migliore per la sua osservazione nel cielo serale è quello compreso fra dicembre e aprile.

Storia delle osservazioni

NGC 2420 venne individuato per la prima volta da William Herschel nel 1783 attraverso un telescopio riflettore da 18,7 pollici; suo figlio John Herschel lo riosservò in seguito e lo inserì nel suo General Catalogue of Nebulae and Clusters col numero 1549.[4]

Caratteristiche

NGC 2420 è un ammasso piuttosto compatto e ricco, comprendente oltre un centinaio di stelle; la sua distanza è stimata attorno ai 3085 parsec (oltre 10000 anni luce)[2] ed è situato in una regione esterna della Via Lattea, probabilmente in corrispondenza del Braccio di Perseo o oltre. Possiede tuttavia un'elevata latitudine galattica, che lo colloca ben al di sopra del piano galattico.

Quest'ammasso ha un'età considerevole, stimata attorno a 1,1 miliardi di anni;[2] per questo è spesso messo in relazione ad altri ammassi, seppure più vecchi, come NGC 188, M67 e in particolare NGC 2506. La sua orbita attorno al centro galattico è molto eccentrica e presenta una grande ampiezza dell'epiciclo; possiede inoltre dei parametri orbitali piuttosto complessi rispetto ad altri ammassi simili.[5] Le sue componenti presentano una bassa metallicità; gli esami fotometrici eseguiti sulle sue quattro giganti rosse più luminose hanno rilevato un rapporto [Fe/H] pari a -0,57, raffrontato con la stella γ Tauri appartenente all'ammasso delle Iadi. Due delle quattro stelle inoltre si sono rivelate molto ricche di bario, oltre che entrambe binarie.[6]

Note

  1. ^ a b c d SIMBAD Astronomical Database, su Results for NGC 2420. URL consultato il 21 agosto 2013.
  2. ^ a b c d e WEBDA page for open cluster NGC 2420, su univie.ac.at. URL consultato il 21 agosto 2013.
  3. ^ Una declinazione di 21°N equivale ad una distanza angolare dal polo nord celeste di 69°; il che equivale a dire che a nord del 69°N l'oggetto si presenta circumpolare, mentre a sud del 69°S l'oggetto non sorge mai.
  4. ^ Catalogo NGC/IC online - result for NGC 2420, su ngcicproject.org. URL consultato il 21 agosto 2013 (archiviato dall'url originale il 28 maggio 2009).
  5. ^ Carraro, G.; Chiosi, C., Galactic orbits of the old open clusters NGC 188, NGC 2682, NGC 2420, NGC 752 and NGC 2506, in Astronomy and Astrophysics, vol. 288, agosto 1994, pp. 751-758. URL consultato il 21 agosto 2013.
  6. ^ Smith, Verne V.; Suntzeff, Nicholas B., Velocities and abundances of giant stars in the old open cluster NGC 2420, in Astronomical Journal, vol. 93, febbraio 1987, pp. 359-367, DOI:10.1086/114320. URL consultato il 21 agosto 2013.

Bibliografia

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