Mukarrib

Mukarrib (in arabo مكرب‎?) è un titolo regio in auge in un periodo della storia yemenita, collocabile nel I millennio a.C., il cui significato resta dubbio.
Se infatti, agli inizi degli studi sud-arabici, si è parlato di re-sacerdote, più tardi si è affermato che esso significasse Unificatore, anche se più di recente un autorevole studioso come Christian Robin propende per Federatore.

Era comunque un titolo di assoluto prestigio nella cultura sud-arabica preislamica ed era usato sia nel regno di Saba (il primo a impiegarlo), sia nel Qataban, sia in quelli di Himyar, di Hadramawt e nel regno di Awsān. Oltre a governare i sudditi, il mukarrib era il garante del culto alla pluralità di divinità venerate localmente e strutturata secondo una gerarchia che, tuttavia, non era rigidamente fissata.

Bibliografia

  • Jacques Ryckmans, L'Institution Monarchique en Arabie Méridionale avant l'Islam (Ma'in et Saba), Bibliothèque du Muséon 28, Louvain, 1951 (sui Mukarrib: p. 51 e segg.).
  • Jean-François Breton, L'Arabie heureuse au temps de la reine de Saba • VIIIe-Ier siècles avant J.-C., Parigi, Hachette (collezione «La vie quotidienne»), 1998.
  • Joseph Chelhod, Arabie du Sud: histoire et civilisation: le peuple yemenite et ses racines, tomo 1, Parigi, Maisonneuve & Larose, 1995.
  • Andrey Korotayev, Ancient Yemen, Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1995. ISBN 0-19-922237-1.

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