Motta castrale

Resti di una motta a Brinklow (nel Warwickshire, Inghilterra)
Riprese aeree di 'Tomen y Rhodwydd' dal Galles (2022)

La motta castrale (in inglese motte-and-bailey) è un tipo di castello che si diffuse in Francia, Germania, Italia meridionale, Sicilia e Gran Bretagna nell'XI e XII secolo.

Origini

La motta è un monticello rialzato di terra, come una piccola collina, solitamente artificiale, ed è sormontato da una struttura di legno o di pietra. La terra per il monticello viene presa da un fossato, scavato intorno alla motta o intorno all'intero castello. La superficie esterna del monticello può essere ricoperta di argilla o rinforzata con supporti di legno.

Il baglio (dal siciliano bagghiu) è un cortile chiuso, circondato da una recinzione di legno e sormontato dalla motta. È probabile che un castello avesse più di un baglio, a volte uno interno e uno esterno.

Struttura e riferimenti storico-archeologici

La tipica struttura di una motta castrale.

Le motte altro non erano che dei terrapieni di altezza variabile per meglio controllare e difendere il territorio circostante. Sulla sommità di tali costruzioni poteva esserci una torre, solitamente in legno o comunque in materiale deperibile. Un'ulteriore difesa poteva essere rappresentata da palizzate sempre in legno. A causa della loro deperibilità poche sono le motte giunte fino a noi e comunque in modo molto frammentario.

Nel linguaggio comune

Il termine motta è molto frequente nella toponomastica italiana: Motta Camastra, Motta d'Affermo, Motta Sant'Anastasia[1] nonché Motta Montecorvino; viene usato come toponimo per località poste sopra - o che presentano - una (o più) collinetta, montagnola, poggio, morro, tumulo, elevazione del terreno, sperone roccioso.

Note

  1. ^ Dove esiste pure un sistema di motta e bagghiu. Un tempo affacciato sulla costa, il sistema è oggi posto distante dal mare a seguito dell'avanzamento della costa dalla fine del XVII secolo a oggi

Voci correlate

Altri progetti

Collegamenti esterni

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