Mineralizzazione

Questa voce sugli argomenti biochimica e geologia è solo un abbozzo.

Contribuisci a migliorarla secondo le convenzioni di Wikipedia. Segui i suggerimenti dei progetti di riferimento 1, 2.

Il termine mineralizzazione può avere diversi significati, a seconda del contesto:

in biologia, si intende la biodegradazione di un composto organico, che avviene generalmente ad opera di microrganismi o funghi, che porta alla sua totale decomposizione in composti inorganici semplici.

in chimica si intende quel processo chimico con il quale si distrugge la parte organica di una matrice complessa (alimenti, rifiuti, terreno, …) per determinare la concentrazione di specie metalliche per esempio tramite spettroscopia di emissione o di assorbimento. Questo processo si avvale dell'utilizzo di agenti chimici quali acido nitrico HNO₃, acido fluoridrico HF, acido cloridrico HCl, acido solforico H₂SO₄ che da soli o in miscela coadiuvati da una fonte energetica (Microonde o calore diffuso) mineralizzano il campione da analizzare. La mineralizzazione nel moderno laboratorio chimico avviene attraverso l'utilizzo di strumenti detti mineralizzatori che sfruttano la combinazione di agenti chimici, microonde ed alte pressioni per portare a termine tale processo. Si ottiene una buona mineralizzazione se dal processo si ricava un liquido incolore con un eventuale corpo di fondo bianco, che sono i silicati eventualmente rimasti integri se non si è usato HF.

in geologia si intende l'arricchimento dell'acqua in sali minerali.

Mineralizzazione della parete cellulare

Il processo di mineralizzazione avviene di solito ad opera di silicati e carbonati. Sono silicizzate le pareti delle cellule epidermiche di alcune specie di graminacee e degli equiseti, mentre concrezioni di carbonato possono essere trovate in alcune moracee.

Altri progetti

Wikizionario contiene il lemma di dizionario «mineralizzazione»

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Portale Pedologia

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