Miangul Jahan Zeb

Miangul Jahan Zeb
Wāli di Swat
In carica19491969
Incoronazione12 dicembre 1949
PredecessoreMiangul Abdul Wadud
SuccessoreTitolo abolito
NascitaSaidu Sharif, 5 giugno 1908
MorteSaidu Sharif, 14 settembre 1987 (79 anni)
DinastiaKhatana
PadreMiangul Abdul Wadud
ReligioneIslam

Miangul Jahan Zeb (Saidu Sharif, 5 giugno 1908Saidu Sharif, 14 settembre 1987) è stato un principe pakistano. Fu Wāli di Swat dal 1949 al 1969.[1]

Biografia

I primi anni

Jahan Zeb, nato a Saidu Sharif il 5 giugno 1908, era il primogenito del wali Miangul Abdul Wadud di Swat. Studiò all'Islamia Collegiate School di Peshawar ed all'Islamia College, parte dell'Università di Peshawar.[1] Ebbe quattro figli e una figlia dal suo matrimonio, dei quali Miangul Aurang Zeb, il suo primogenito, diventò governatore di Khyber Pakhtunkhwa e del Belucistan.[2].

Il regno

Jahan Zeb fu nominato principe ereditario dal padre nel 1933 e poté salire al trono di Swat dopo l'abdicazione del padre nel 1949. Jahan Zeb salì al trono con solenne cerimonia il 12 dicembre 1949.[3] Nel 1951, gli venne conferito il titolo di Ghazi-e-Millat e il saluto a salve di cannone ereditario.

Il ruolo del wāli era di re e capo religioso dello stato di Swat, primo ministro, comandante in capo dell'esercito e ministro del tesoro, disponendo quindi di ampi poteri personali.[3] Tra le sue prime riforme vi fu quella della giustizia, con lo snellimento delle pratiche burocratiche; migliorò poi il sistema dei qala (forti) per dare sicurezza e protezione al suo popolo. Migliorò anche le linee ferroviarie, stradali e telefoniche.[4]

Jahan Zeb pose una particolare attenzione all'educazione. Prima del suo avvento Swat non disponeva di un moderno sistema di educazione: suo padre aveva gettato le basi per la costruzione di un buon sistema, ma fu Miangul Jahan Zeb a svilupparlo. Fondò delle scuole per ragazze a Saidu Sharif che furono tra le prime nell'area,[3] e per i maschi fondò il Jahanzeb College che ebbe notevole importanza in tutta la regione. Diede inoltre il permesso dell'apertura di una scuola cattolica per ragazze a Sangota.[5]

Miangul Jahan Zeb si prodigò anche per preservare la storia del suo paese e studiare e valorizzare il patrimonio archeologico. Nel 1955 invitò una missione archeologica italiana sotto la guida del noto archeologo Giuseppe Tucci nello Swat.[6][7] Nel 1958 sponsorizzò la costruzione dello Swat Museum, in cui sono esposti numerosi artefatti dell'arte del Gandhara.[8][9]

Nel 1969, quando il partito nazionalista pakistano abolì definitivamente il ruolo dei principi aristocratici in funzioni di governo nel Pakistan, a Jahan Zeb furono tolti titolo e trono e si ritirò a vita privata.

Jahan Zeb morì il 14 settembre 1987 a Saidu Sharif.[10] Ai suoi funerali prese parte il primo ministro pakistano Muhammad Khan Junejo ed altri alti ufficiali dello stato. Venne sepolto nel mausoleo della sua famiglia a Saidu Sharif.

Onorificenze

Accademiche

Laurea honoris causa in legge - nastrino per uniforme ordinaria
Laurea honoris causa in legge

Posizioni militari onorarie

Forza militare Unità Posizione Anno
Esercito pakistano
Esercito Maggiore generale 1955

Note

  1. ^ a b http://www.nihcr.edu.pk/Latest_English_Journal/pjhc%2035-1,%20(2014)%20Final%2022.6.15/6%20Swat%20State,%20Fakhar%20ul%20Islam.pdf Template:Bare URL PDF
  2. ^ Notification, Miangul Amirzeb (PDF), su na.gov.pk, National Assembly of Pakistan. URL consultato il 13 maggio 2014.
  3. ^ a b c Riaz Aamir, Malakand under Siege, in Daily Jang, Rawalpindi, 5 luglio 2009. URL consultato il 20 aprile 2014.
  4. ^ zebun-Nisa Jilani e Zeenat Ahmad, Our Swat – Gone with the Wind, su swatreliefinitiative.wordpress.com, Swat relief initiative.
  5. ^ Fazal Khaliq, Last ruler of Swat: Jahanzeb, a visionary who educated and loved his people, The Express Tribune, 26 settembre 2011. URL consultato il 15 gennaio 2014.
  6. ^ (June 06, 2016). Miangul Jahanzeb remembered as visionary ruler of Swat. Dawn.
  7. ^ Hamad Ali, Syed (January 24, 2018). Preserving Pakistan’s archeological heritage. Gulf News.
  8. ^ Khaliq, Faisal (July 21, 2010). Swat’s Gandhara heritage waits to be protected. The Express Tribune.
  9. ^ Swat’s Gandhara heritage waits to be protected Fazal Khaliq, 21 July 2010
  10. ^ www.valleyswat.net/literature/papers/Administrative_System_of_Swat.pdf

Bibliografia

  • Dr. Sultan-I-Rome, Swat State under the Walis (1917–69), Ph.D. Dissertation, P 28-35
  • Miangul Jehanzeb, The Last Wali of Swat, as told to Fredrik Barth. Norwegian University Press/Universitetsforlaget AS, Oslo, 1985

Altri progetti

Predecessore Wāli di Swat Successore
Miangul Abdul Wadud 1949-1969 Titolo abolito
  Portale Biografie: accedi alle voci di Wikipedia che trattano di biografie

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