Melanie Joy

Melanie Joy nel 2015

Melanie Joy (2 settembre 1966) è una psicologa e scrittrice statunitense, nota soprattutto per aver coniato e promulgato il termine carnismo.[1] È la presidente fondatrice del gruppo di difesa senza scopo di lucro Beyond Carnism, precedentemente noto come Carnism Awareness & Action Network (CAAN).[2] Ex professore di psicologia e sociologia presso l'Università del Massachusetts a Boston,[3] ha pubblicato i libri Strategic Action for Animals, Why We Love Dogs, Eat Pigs, and Wear Cows e Beyond Beliefs[4].

Biografia

Joy ha ricevuto il suo M.Ed. dalla Harvard Graduate School of Education e il dottorato di ricerca in psicologia presso la Saybrook Graduate School. All'età di 23 anni, mentre era studentessa ad Harvard, contrasse una malattia di origine alimentare a causa di un hamburger contaminato e fu ricoverata in ospedale, cosa che la portò a diventare vegetariana.[5][6] In un discorso effettuato dal ministro indiano Maneka Gandhi, Joy ha ricordato come la sua scelta dietetica, fatta per ragioni non morali, abbia trasformato la sua prospettiva sul trattamento degli animali:[6]

«Quell'esperienza mi ha portato a rinunciare alla carne, il che mi ha portato a diventare più aperta alle informazioni sull'agricoltura animale, informazioni che erano state intorno a me ma che non ero disposta a vedere, fintanto che ero ancora impegnato a mantenere il mio modo attuale. della vita. E quando ho scoperto la verità sulla produzione di carne, uova e latticini, sono diventata sempre più sconvolta. [...] Sono finita confusa e disperata. Mi sentivo come una barca senza timone, persa in un mare di follia collettiva. Niente era cambiato, ma tutto era diverso.»

Successivamente, Joy fece una transizione graduale al veganismo.[1] In un’intervista del 2013, ha spiegato che la sua ricerca di dottorato si era inizialmente concentrata sulla psicosociologia della violenza e della discriminazione, ma in seguito si è spostata su questioni relative alla psicologia del consumo di carne. Percependo un modello di pensiero irrazionale e incoerente tra i soggetti intervistati, è stata portata a teorizzare che gli atteggiamenti nei confronti della carne riflettessero pregiudizi acquisiti. Questa idea divenne la base per gran parte del suo lavoro successivo.[7]

Teoria del Carnismo

Joy ha introdotto il termine carnismo in un articolo del 2001 pubblicato su Satya,[8][9] ricevendo inizialmente poca attenzione. Il concetto è stato rivisitato nel suo libro del 2009 Why We Love Dogs, Eat Pigs, and Wear Cows.[9] Le sue idee influenzarono gli studi successivi su quello che divenne noto come il "paradosso della carne" - l'apparente incoerenza negli atteggiamenti comuni nei confronti degli animali, in cui le persone possono esprimere affetto verso alcuni animali mentre ne mangiano altri - e la dissonanza cognitiva che comporta. Numerosi psicologi sostengono le convinzioni di Joy riguardo all'influenza del consumo di carne sull'atteggiamento verso gli animali.[10][11][12]

Attivismo

Joy ha fondato Carnism Awareness & Action Network (CAAN), in seguito ribattezzato Beyond Carnism, nel 2010.[13] Secondo una recensione di Animal Charity Evaluators, l'organizzazione utilizza discorsi pubblici, campagne mediatiche, sviluppo di video e formazione di attivisti nel tentativo di spostare il dibattito pubblico sulla carne soprattutto negli Stati Uniti e in Germania. La revisione ha giudicato promettenti le nuove strategie organizzative della CAAN in termini di potenziale per promuovere una rete sostenuta di difensori dei diritti degli animali, ma ha osservato che il gruppo relativamente nuovo non aveva precedenti e che gli effetti del suo approccio sono ancora difficili da valutare.[14]

Opere

  • Strategic Action for Animals: A Handbook on Strategic Movement Building, Organizing, and Activism for Animal Liberation, 2008 ISBN 978-1590561362
  • Why We Love Dogs, Eat Pigs, and Wear Cows: An Introduction to Carnism , 2009 ISBN 978-1573244619
  • Beyond Beliefs: A Guide to Improving Relationships and Communication for Vegans, Vegetarians, and Meat Eaters, 2018 ISBN 978-1590565803
  • Powerarchy: Understanding the Psychology of Oppression for Social Transformation, 2019 ISBN 978-1523086665
  • Getting Relationships Right: How to Build Resilience and Thrive in Life, Love, and Work, 2020 ISBN 978-1523088508

Note

  1. ^ a b (ES) Teresa Guerrero, Por qué queremos a los perros pero nos comemos a los cerdos [Perché amiamo i cani ma non i maiali], in El Mundo, 16 dicembre 2013. URL consultato il 29 agosto 2020.
  2. ^ (EN) Jodey Castricano e Rasmus R. Simonsen, Critical Perspectives on Veganism, The Palgrave Macmillan Animal Ethics Series, Cham, Springer International Publishing, 2016, ISBN 978-3-319-33418-9.
  3. ^ (EN) Kashmira Gander, Carnism: Why we love dogs, eat pigs and wear cows, in The Independent, 6 settembre 2017.
  4. ^ (EN) Melanie Joy, su Women Economic Forum, 4 gennaio 2020. URL consultato il 29 agosto 2020.
  5. ^ (DE) Felix Brumm, Bio-Fleisch ist ein Mythos [La carne organica è un mito], in Der Spiegel, 24 agosto 2013. URL consultato il 29 agosto 2020.
  6. ^ a b (EN) Maneka Gandhi, From cuisine to corpses to 'carnism', in The Statesman, 5 luglio 2015. URL consultato il 29 agosto 2020.
  7. ^ (EN) Sophia Hoffman, Carnism: Interview with Melanie Joy, su Sophia Hoffmann, 4 marzo 2019. URL consultato il 29 agosto 2020.
  8. ^ (EN) Melanie Joy, 2, in From Carnivore to Carnist: Liberating the Language of Meat, Satya, vol. 18, settembre 2001, pp. 126–127.
  9. ^ a b (EN) Gibert, M. e Desaulniers, E., Carnism, in Encyclopedia of Food and Agricultural Ethics, Springer Netherlands, 2014, pp. 292–298, ISBN 978-94-007-0929-4.
  10. ^ (EN) Steve Loughnan, Brock Bastian e Nick Haslam, 2 (PDF), in The Psychology of Eating Animals, Current Directions in Psychological Science, vol. 23, 1º aprile 2014, pp. 104–108.
  11. ^ (EN) Piazza, J., Rationalizing meat consumption. The 4Ns (PDF), in Appetite, vol. 91, agosto 2015, pp. 114–128.
  12. ^ (EN) Jesse Singal, How people rationalize eating meat, in CNN, 25 giugno 2015. URL consultato il 29 agosto 2020.
  13. ^ (EN) Liz Langley, Why Are We Against Wearing Fur, But OK with Eating Meat?, su Alternet, 29 novembre 2010. URL consultato il 29 agosto 2020 (archiviato dall'url originale il 16 agosto 2017).
  14. ^ (EN) Carnism Action and Awareness Network, su Animal Charity Evaluators, 10 dicembre 2014. URL consultato il 29 agosto 2020 (archiviato dall'url originale il 27 agosto 2016).

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Controllo di autoritàVIAF (EN6859387 · ISNI (EN0000 0000 5050 1031 · LCCN (ENn2008010045 · GND (DE1036237826 · J9U (ENHE987007441308305171 · CONOR.SI (SL267641955

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