Mehmed Ali Pascià (militare)

Mehmed Ali Pascià
NascitaMagdeburgo, 18 novembre 1827
MorteGjakova, 7 settembre 1878
Dati militari
Paese servitoImpero ottomano (bandiera) Impero ottomano
GradoMüşir
GuerreGuerra di Crimea
Guerre serbo-turche
Guerra russo-turca
Studi militariCollegio Militare Ottomano
voci di militari presenti su Wikipedia
Manuale

Mehmed Ali Pascià (nato Ludwig Karl Friedrich Detroit; Magdeburgo, 18 novembre 1827 – Gjakova, 7 settembre 1878) è stato un militare prussiano naturalizzato ottomano.[1][2]

Era il nonno dello statista turco Ali Fuat Cebesoy e il bisnonno dei famosi poeti Nazım Hikmet e Oktay Rıfat Horozcu e dell'attivista socialista, avvocato e atleta Mehmet Ali Aybar.

Biografia

Mehmed Ali nacque come Ludwig Karl Friedrich Detroit (noto anche come Carl Detroy)[3] a Magdeburgo, in Prussia. I suoi genitori erano Carl Friedrich Detroit e Henriette Jeanette Severin. Il cognome francese fa pensare a un'ascendenza ugonotta, in quanto discendente di rifugiati protestanti dalla Francia nel XVI o XVII secolo. Durante l'adolescenza, nel 1843, fuggì per mare e si recò nell'Impero Ottomano,[4] dove abbracciò l'Islam e fu circonciso.[3] Lì, nel 1846, Mehmed Alì Pascià, futuro Gran Visir, lo mandò al Collegio Militare Ottomano. Nel 1853 ricevette un incarico nell'esercito ottomano[3] e combatté contro la Russia nella guerra di Crimea. Fu nominato Miralay e pascià nel 1865.

Dipinto del Congresso di Berlino di Anton von Werner (all'estrema destra: Mehmed Ali Pascià)

Nella guerra del 1877-1878 contro la Russia, Mehmed Ali guidò l'esercito turco in Bulgaria. Ebbe successo nelle operazioni sul fiume Lom (agosto-settembre 1877), ma fu poi costretto a ritirarsi dai suoi avversari. Non riuscì a congiungersi con Sulayman Pascià e fu sostituito da quest'ultimo. Nel 1878 partecipò al Congresso di Berlino.

Morte

Lo stesso argomento in dettaglio: Attacco contro Mehmed Ali Pascià.

Nell'agosto del 1878, il governo ottomano lo scelse per supervisionare il processo di cessione della regione di Plav-Gucia al Montenegro, in conformità con le decisioni del Congresso di Berlino.[3] Il primo compito di Mehmed Ali Pascià fu la pacificazione della Lega albanese di Prizren, che si opponeva al cambio di confine in quanto parte delle aree (Plav-Gucia/Plav-Gusinje) erano abitate da albanesi. Arrivò in Kosovo alla fine di agosto, cercando di far rispettare il Trattato di Berlino agli albanesi locali[3], ma fu bloccato da ogni ulteriore movimento verso il confine ottomano-montenegrino dai comitati locali della Lega albanese. Di stanza nella tenuta di Abdullah Pascià Dreni a Gjakova con diversi battaglioni ottomani, fu ucciso il 7 settembre dopo una battaglia di sette giorni con diverse migliaia di albanesi che si opponevano alla cessione delle terre abitate dagli albanesi alle potenze europee.[2][3][4][5][6]

Note

  1. ^ (DE) Latif Çelik, Karl Detroit wird zu Mehemet Ali Pascha, in Türkische Spuren in Deutschland = Almanya'da türk izleri, Mainz, Logophon-Verl, 2009, p. 188, ISBN 3-936172-08-0, OCLC 706089989. URL consultato il 5 settembre 2022.
  2. ^ a b (TR) Osman S. Kocahanoğlu, Ali Fuat Cebesoy'un arşivinden askeri ve siyasi belgeler, Temel, 2005, p. 13, ISBN 975-410-092-6, OCLC 61696686. URL consultato il 5 settembre 2022.
  3. ^ a b c d e f (EN) George W. Gawrych, The crescent and the eagle : Ottoman Rule, Islam and the Albanians, 1874-1913, 2006, p. 49, ISBN 978-1-78672-444-1, OCLC 1030625024. URL consultato il 5 settembre 2022.
  4. ^ a b (EN) Harry Thurston Peck, Selim Peabody e Daniel Gilman e Frank Colby, Mehmed Ali Pasha, in New International Encyclopedia, 1ª ed., New York, Dodd, Mead and Company, 1905.
  5. ^ (TR) Ayfer Özçelik, Ali Fuat Cebesoy : 1882-10 Ocak 1968, Akçağ, 1993, p. 2, ISBN 975-338-006-2, OCLC 34543744. URL consultato il 5 settembre 2022.
  6. ^ (TR) Halil Sedes, 1876-1878 Osmanlı-Rus Savaşları Bosna Hersek ve Bulgaristan İhtilalleri, İstanbul, Çituri Biraderler, 1946, p. 180.

Altri progetti

Controllo di autoritàVIAF (EN) 80579387 · CERL cnp01151900 · GND (DE) 136192335
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