Massimo (usurpatore)

Massimo
Siliqua di Massimo, dalla zecca di Barcino (Barcellona)
Aspirante imperatore romano
In carica409 - 411 (solo in Hispania, in opposizione a Costantino III e Onorio);
420-2 (potrebbe essere lo stesso Massimo)

Massimo (latino: Maximus; fl. 409-422) fu un usurpatore (409-411) in Hispania. Fu sostenuto dal generale Geronzio, forse suo padre.

Biografia

Quando Costantino III, usurpatore in Gallia contro l'imperatore romano Onorio, ordinò al proprio generale Geronzio, di stanza in Hispania, di rendere il comando, questi gli si ribellò e proclamò Massimo imperatore a Tarragona. Massimo ebbe un certo controllo delle province ispaniche: aprì la zecca di Barcino (moderna Barcellona), che coniò monete in suo nome (ritrovate a Barcellona, Tipasa e Terrassa),[1] e vi sono prove di lavori importanti alle mura della stessa città durante il suo regno.[2]

La lotta per il potere a tre vide coinvolti Geronzio e il suo protetto contro altri due imperatori, Costantino III e il legittimo imperatore Onorio. Geronzio penetrò nel territorio di Costantino, lasciando Massimo in Hispania: in Gallia riuscì, nei primi 18 mesi di lotta, a sconfiggere ripetutamente le truppe di Costantino, ma non riuscì a distruggerle.

Fu Onorio a fare la mossa giusta, inviando il capace generale Flavio Costanzo (il futuro imperatore Costanzo III) contro i due usurpatori: Costanzo riuscì a sconfiggerli, e Massimo, dopo la morte di Geronzio avvenuta nel 411 e a seguito di una sconfitta nei pressi di Arles per mano di Costanzo, abdicò e si ritirò in un monastero.

È noto che un altro Massimo usurpò la porpora in Hispania, tra il 420 e il 422, e che fu catturato da Flavio Castino e giustiziato a Ravenna: non è da escludere che fosse lo stesso Massimo.

Note

  1. ^ «Maximus», Catalogue of Late Roman Coins in the Dumbarton Oaks Collection and in the Whittemore Collection: From Arcadius and Honorius to the Accession of Anastasius, pp. 219.
  2. ^ Michael Kulikowski, «The Career of the 'Comes Hispaniarum' Asterius», Phoenix, 54 (2000), p. 124.

Bibliografia

Altri progetti

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