Lsattr

lsattr (abbreviazione dalla lingua inglese di list attributes, Elenca attributi) è un comando dei sistemi operativi Unix e Unix-like che consente di visualizzare gli attributi dei file memorizzati su un filesystem di tipo ext2/ext3. Funziona anche su filesystem di tipo ext4 e xfs

Sintassi

lsattr [ opzioni ] [ files...  ]

Le opzioni più utili sono:

  • -R che effettua una ricerca ricorsiva
  • -a mostra anche i files nascosti (analoga all'identica opzione del comando ls
  • -d elenca le directory senza esplorarne il contenuto

Il comando restituisce sullo standard output l'elenco dei file preceduti da un elenco dei flag degli attributi settati.

Attributi

Gli attributi estesi, che non vanno confusi con quelli impostabili con il comando chmod, riguardano particolarità specifiche dei filesystem ext2/3 e vengono impostati con il comando chattr. In taluni casi questi attributi potrebbero essere impostati dolosamente da cracker o da rootkit per rendere più complessa l'eliminazione di un file di sistema compromesso.

  • A Non aggiornare l'atime
  • S Aggiornamento sincrono
  • D Aggiornamento sincrono delle directory
  • a solo append
  • c compresso
  • d no dump
  • i immutabile
  • s cancellazione sicura
  • T top of directory hierarchy
  • j data journalling
  • t no tail-merging
  • u Non cancellabile

Esempi di utilizzo

Generazione di un file di test: 

# touch pippo.txt

Visualizzazione degli attributi: 

# lsattr pippo.txt
-----------------e- pippo.txt

Impostazione degli attributi di immutabilità con il comando chattr e nuova visualizzazione: 

# chattr +i pippo.txt
# lsattr pippo.txt
----i------------e- pippo.txt

Tentativo di rimozione del file con permessi di immutabilità: 

# rm pippo.txt 
rm: impossibile rimuovere "pippo.txt": Operazione non permessa

Con i permessi di immutabilità è impossibile anche scrivere sul file: 

# echo "ciao" >> pippo.txt
bash: pippo.txt: Permesso negato

nonostante i permessi del file lo consentano: 

# whoami
root
# ls -l pippo.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 2011-08-23 22:53 pippo.txt

Nota

Alcuni attributi con il tempo non sono stati mantenuti, come il caso dell'attributo read only (r).

Voci correlate

Collegamenti esterni

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