Lingua romanì vlax

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Vlax Romani
Parlato inBosnia, Romania, Serbia, Albania, Ungheria, Israele; sparpagliato in numerosi altri stati.
Tassonomia
Filogenesi
 Indoiranico
  Indoario
   Zona Centrale
    Romani
Codici di classificazione
ISO 639-3rmy (EN)
Glottologvlax1238 (EN)
Manuale

Il romanì vlax è una lingua[1] della famiglia della lingua romanì. I dialetti Vlax sono parlate principalmente nell'Europa sud-orientale da persone rom.[2] Il Romanì Vlax è talvolta indicato come una lingua indipendente.[3] Il Romanì Vlax è il sottogruppo dialettale più parlato della lingua romanì in tutto il mondo.

Nome

Il nome della lingua deriva da "Vlach" (valacchi), un exonimo medievale che si riferisce ai rumeni, poiché tutti i dialetti Vlax condividono una vasta influenza del rumeno sul vocabolario, fonologia e morfologia.[4] Ci sono state molte ondate migratorie di rom dalla Romania, alcuni dei quali collegati all'abolizione della schiavitù del XIX secolo in Romania . Questo nome fu coniato dallo studioso britannico Bernard Gilliat-Smith nel suo studio del 1915 sui rom bulgari, in cui per la prima volta divise i dialetti romanì in Vlax e non-Vlax, a seconda che fossero influenzati o meno dal rumeno.[5]

La somiglianza delle parole Romanì e Romania è una coincidenza, in quanto non sono etimologicamente correlate.

Classificazione

Il Romanì Vlax è classificato in due gruppi: Vlax I, o Vlax settentrionale (compresi Kalderash e Lovari), e Vlax II, o Vlax meridionale.[2]

Elšík [6] usa questa classificazione ed esempi dialettali (informazioni geografiche da Matras ):

Sottogruppo Dialetto Posto
Vlax ucraino - Ucraina
Vlax settentrionale Cerhari Ungheria
Lovari ungherese
Slovacchia
Lovari austriaco Austria
Lovari polacco Polonia
Norwegian Lovari Norvegia
Serbian Kalderaš Serbia
Kalderaš italiano Italia
Kalderaš russo Russia
Taikon Kalderaš Svezia [7]
American Vlax Stati Uniti d'America
Vlax meridionale Valacco Romania
Ihtiman Bulgaria (dal nome della città )
Gurbet Serbia e Bosnia
Korça Albania (dal nome della città )
Xoraxane italiano Italia (Xoraxane si traduce come "musulmani" in dialetto)
Ajia Varvara Grecia (dal nome di un sobborgo di Atene)

Sistemi di scrittura

Il Romanì Vlax è scritto usando l'ortografia romani, principalmente usando l' alfabeto latino con diversi caratteri aggiuntivi. Nell'area dell'ex Unione Sovietica, tuttavia, può anche essere scritto in caratteri cirillici .[8]

Note

  1. ^ Riconoscendo l'arbitrarietà delle definizioni, nella nomenclatura delle voci viene usato il termine "lingua" in accordo alle norme ISO 639-1, 639-2 o 639-3. Negli altri casi, viene usato il termine "dialetto".
  2. ^ a b Norbert Boretzky and Birgit Igla. Kommentierter Dialektatlas des Romani. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag 2004. Teil 1: Vergleich der Dialekte.
  3. ^ Romani, Vlax, su ethnologue.com.
  4. ^ Yaron Matras, Romani: A Linguistic Introduction, Cambridge University Press, 2002, p. 7, ISBN 9781139433242.
  5. ^ Yaron Matras, Romani: A Linguistic Introduction, Cambridge University Press, 2002, p. 219, ISBN 9781139433242.
  6. ^ Viktor Elšík, Dialect variation in Romani personal pronouns (PDF), su ulug.ff.cuni.cz, 1999, p. 2. URL consultato il 17 September 2013.
  7. ^ Hansen, Björn; de Haan, Ferdinand (2009). Modals in the Languages of Europe. Walter de Gruyter: p. 307 ISBN 978-3-11-021920-3.
  8. ^ Journey of Besieged Languages (PDF), su ilholocaustmuseum.org. URL consultato il 14 aprile 2020 (archiviato dall'url originale il 16 marzo 2018).

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