Kareth

Nell'ebraismo, Kareth (ebr כרת) anche Karet, Kares, e altri varianti a seconda delle traslitterazioni in altre lingue) è una punizione divina per aver trasgredito la legge ebraica.

È la punizione per i crimini gravi che non sono stati puniti dalla giustizia di un tribunale umano. La sua natura non è chiara ma è comunemente intesa come morire giovani (prima dei 60 anni), morire senza figli o essere spiritualmente "tagliati fuori[1]" (emarginati) dalla propria gente nel mondo a venire.[2]

Kareth è applicabile solo quando la trasgressione è stata fatta deliberatamente e senza successivo pentimento (teshuvah). Quando la trasgressione è involontaria, allora viene espiata con un'offerta.

Inosservanze punibili con Kareth

Esistono 36 inosservanze/trasgressioni punibili con kareth, come segue:[3]

  1. Non farsi circoncidere (Brit milà) (Libro della Genesi 17:14[4])
  2. Mangiare cibo lievitato (chametz) durante la Pesach (Esodo 12:19[5])
  3. Mangiare carne sacrificale in stato di impurità (tumah) (Levitico 7:20-21[6])[7]
  4. Mangiare grasso non-kosher (cheilev) (Levitico 7:25[8])[7]
  5. Mancare di portare al Tabernacolo animali macellati per il sacrificio (Levitico 17:1-9[9])[7]
  6. Mangiar sangue (Levitico 17:10-12[10])[7]
  7. Mangiar sangue di animali uccisi con caccia (Levitico 17:14[11])[7]
  8. Avere rapporti sessuali durante le mestruazioni (niddah) (Levitico 18:19,20:18[12])[7]
  9. Abominio sessuale (Levitico 18:29[13])[7]
  10. Mangiare carne sacrificale nel terzo giorno dopo il sacrificio (Levitico 19:8[14])[7]
  11. Sacrificare un bambino a Moloch (Levitico 20:2-5)[15][7]
  12. Consultare spiriti o fantasmi (Levitico 20:6[16])[7]
  13. Incesto (Levitico 20:17[17])
  14. Un kohen che si avvicina ad oggetti sacri in stato di impurità rituale (tumah) (Levitico 22:3[18])[7]
  15. Mangiare durante lo Yom Kippur (Levitico 23:29[19])
  16. Profanare lo Shabbat (Esodo 31:14[20])[21]

Note

  1. ^ Pardes: v Akher
  2. ^ David de Sola Pool, Capital punishment among the Jews: a paper read before the New York Board of Jewish Ministers, Bloch, 1916, p. 26.
  3. ^ Louis Jacobs, Karet (Spiritual Exile), su myjewishlearning.com, MyJewishLearning. URL consultato il 16 aprile 2012 (archiviato dall'url originale il 21 giugno 2012).
  4. ^ Genesi 17:14, su La Parola - La Sacra Bibbia in italiano in Internet.
  5. ^ Esodo 12:19, su La Parola - La Sacra Bibbia in italiano in Internet.
  6. ^ Levitico 7:20-21, su La Parola - La Sacra Bibbia in italiano in Internet.
  7. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Stephen K. Sherwood, Leviticus, Numbers, Deuteronomy, Liturgical Press (2002), pp. 14-17.
  8. ^ Levitico 7:25, su La Parola - La Sacra Bibbia in italiano in Internet.
  9. ^ Levitico 17:1-9, su La Parola - La Sacra Bibbia in italiano in Internet.
  10. ^ Levitico 17:10-12, su La Parola - La Sacra Bibbia in italiano in Internet.
  11. ^ Levitico 17:14, su La Parola - La Sacra Bibbia in italiano in Internet.
  12. ^ 18:19,20:18, su La Parola - La Sacra Bibbia in italiano in Internet.
  13. ^ Levitico 18:29, su La Parola - La Sacra Bibbia in italiano in Internet.
  14. ^ Levitico 19:8, su La Parola - La Sacra Bibbia in italiano in Internet.
  15. ^ Levitico 20:2-5), su La Parola - La Sacra Bibbia in italiano in Internet.
  16. ^ Levitico 20:6, su La Parola - La Sacra Bibbia in italiano in Internet.
  17. ^ Levitico 20:17, su La Parola - La Sacra Bibbia in italiano in Internet.
  18. ^ Levitico 22:3, su La Parola - La Sacra Bibbia in italiano in Internet.
  19. ^ Levitico 23:29, su La Parola - La Sacra Bibbia in italiano in Internet.
  20. ^ Esodo 31:14, su La Parola - La Sacra Bibbia in italiano in Internet.
  21. ^ Etshalom, Yitzchak "Shabbat and Mikdash" Parashat Ki Tissa 1995-2007, (2011)

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