Julius Langbehn

August Julius Langbehn

August Julius Langbehn (Haderslev, 1851Rosenheim, 1907) è stato uno storico dell'arte e filosofo tedesco.

È noto per essere ritenuto da studiosi quali Fritz Stern e George L. Mosse quale un precursore culturale del Terzo Reich.

Biografia

Nasce ad Hadersleben (oggi Haderslev, all'epoca nello Schleswig tedesco) nel 1851 da un pastore luterano e una casalinga. Dopo essersi arruolato volontario nella guerra franco-prussiana del 1870, conduce studi irregolari a Kiel e a Monaco di Baviera. Nel 1880 si laurea a Monaco con una tesi d'archeologia classica intitolata "Flügelgestalten der ältesten Griechischen Kunst" sotto la guida di Heinrich Brunn. Fallita la carriera accademica (dopo una borsa di studio avuta presso l'Istituto archeologico germanico di Roma), inizia a coltivare i propri propositi di riforma morale della Germania guglielmina. Alla fine del 1889 tenta vanamente di assumere la tutela legale di Friedrich Nietzsche. Nel 1890 pubblica a Dresda anonimamente il proprio capolavoro: "Rembrandt als Erzieher"[1], che conoscerà centinaia di nuove edizioni nei successivi decenni. Il libro è una condanna integrale della modernità tedesca e un tentativo di ritornare alle vere fonti della germanicità, rappresentate - secondo l'autore - dall'arte di Rembrandt. Malgrado la fama del suo libro, Langbehn continua la propria esistenza di irregolare. Pubblica una raccolta di Lied e, insieme al suo discepolo (Benedikt Momme Nissen, un ex pittore che avrebbe poi preso i voti benedettini), girovaga in lungo e in largo per la Germania e l'Europa. Pubblica alcuni scritti d'arte su riviste popolari dell'epoca. Muore di cancro allo stomaco a Rosenheim, in Baviera, nel 1907.

Opere

  • Flügelgestalten der ältesten Griechischen Kunst (Monaco di Baviera 1881);
  • Rembrandt als Erzieher (Lipsia 1890);
  • Vierzig Lieder (Dresda 1891);
  • Dürer als Führer (1928);
  • Der Geist des Ganzen (1930);
  • Briefe an Bischof Keppler (1937).

Note

Bibliografia

  • B. Behrendt, August Julius Langbehn, der "Rembrandtdeutsche", in U. Puschner, Walter Schmitz u. Justus H. Ulbricht (cur.), Handbuch zur "Völkischen Bewegung" 1871-1918. Monaco, Saur, 1999. pp. 94–113. ISBN 3-598-11421-4
  • B. Behrendt, Zwischen Paradox und Paralogismus. Weltanschauliche Grundzüge einer Kulturkritik in den neunziger Jahren des. 19. Jahrhunderts am Beispiel August Julius Langbehn. Fracoforte sul Meno, Lang, 1984. ISBN 3-8204-5604-X
  • V. Beonio Brocchieri, Studi sulla filosofia politica di Julius Langbehn. Contributo alla storia del pensiero politico tedesco nel secolo XIX. "Annali di scienze politiche", I, 2, dicembre 1928, pp. 180–213.
  • L. Voss, Rembrandt als Erzieher und seine Bedeutung. Studie über die kulturelle Struktur der neunziger Jahre. Danzica, Kafemann, 1926.
  • M. Schian, Der Rembrandtdeutsche und sein Übertritt zum Katholizismus. Berlino, Verlag des evangelischen Bundes, 1927.
  • H. Strobel, Der Begriff von Kunst und Erziehung bei Julius Langbehn. Ein Beitrag zur Geschichte der Kunsterziehungsbewegung. Würzburg, Triltsch, 1940
  • H. Bürger-Prinz, Über die künstlerischen Arbeiten Schizophrener, in O. Bumke (cur.): Handbuch der Geisteskrankheiten, IX (V: Die Schizophrenie), pp. 668–704. Berlino, Julius Springer, 1932.
  • H. Bürger-Prinz e A. Segelke, Julius Langbehn der Rembrandtdeutsche: Eine pathopsychologische Studie. Lipsia, Johann Ambrosius Barth, 1940.
  • J. Hobusch, Der Deutschunterricht in den Anfängen der bürgerlichen Reformpädagogik. Francoforte sul Meno, Lang, 1989. ISBN 3-631-41883-3
  • W. Kerstiens, Gestalt und Geschichte nach Langbehn, Münster, Dissertazione di teologia, 1941.
  • H. Kunert, Deutsche Reformpädagogik und Faschismus. Hannover, Schroedel, 1973.
  • U.-T., Lesle, Bestseller des Bürgertums und Kursbuch der Plattdeutschen: "Rembrandt als Erzieher" von August Julius Langbehn. "Kieler Blätter zur Volkskunde", 32, 2000, pp. 51–83.
  • B. Momme Nissen, Der Rembrandt-Deutsche Julius Langbehn. Friburgo in Bresgovia, Herder, 1927.
  • B. Momme Nissen, Des Rembrandtdeutschen und mein Weg zur Kirche, in J. Eberle (cur.), Unser Weg zur Kirche. Luzern 1948.
  • G.L. Mosse, Le origini culturali del Terzo Reich. Milano, A. Mondadori, 1968.
  • V. Beonio Brocchieri, Cinque testimoni di Satana: Milton, Hobbes, Langbehn, Nietzsche, Spengler. Bologna, Boni, 1976.
  • J.G. Pankau, Wege zurück. Zur Entwicklungsgeschichte restaurativen Denkens im Kaiserreich. Eine Untersuchung kulturkritischer und deutschkundlicher Ideologiebildung. Francoforte sul Meno, Lang, 1983. ISBN 3-8204-7663-6
  • Fritz Stern, Kulturpessimismus als politische Gefahr. Berna, Scherz, 1963 / Monaco, dtv. 1986. ISBN 3-423-04448-9 / Stoccarda, Klett-Cotta. 2005. ISBN 3-608-94136-3
  • V. Pinto, Apoteosi della germanicità. I sentieri di Julius Langbehn, Kulturkritiker tedesco di fine Ottocento. Lecce, Icaro, 2009. ISBN 88-95377-23-0.
  • J. Langbehn, Rembrandt come educatore, a cura di Vincenzo Pinto. Torino, Free Ebrei, 2013 ISBN 978-88-90914-73-7.
  • J. Langbehn, Spirito e lettera. Figure alate nell'arte greca arcaica, a cura di Vincenzo Pinto. Torino, Antisemitica, 2015. ISBN 978-88-94032-41-3.

Altri progetti

Collegamenti esterni

Controllo di autoritàVIAF (EN100172421 · ISNI (EN0000 0003 6861 8715 · BAV 495/208230 · LCCN (ENn86005783 · GND (DE11872634X · BNE (ESXX1712936 (data) · BNF (FRcb12204033q (data) · J9U (ENHE987007280003905171 · CONOR.SI (SL121965411
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