Johan David Åkerblad

Johann David Åkerblad (Stoccolma, 6 maggio 1763 – Roma, 7 febbraio 1819) è stato un diplomatico e orientalista svedese, allievo di Silvestre de Sacy[1][2][3].

Biografia

Nel 1778 si iscrisse all'Università di Uppsala, in cui studiò lettere classiche e orientali, laureandosi in storia 1782. L'anno successivo divenne impiegato nella cancelleria reale e, grazie alla conoscenza di svariate lingue, fu inviato nel 1784 dal governo svedese a Costantinopoli, occasione che sfruttò per viaggiare in Asia Minore, Siria, Palestina ed Egitto. Nel 1802 Åkerblad divenne segretario dell'ambasciata svedese a Parigi, dove conobbe de Sacy e i suoi studi sulla Stele di Rosetta, che però non davano risultati rilevanti. Nello stesso anno abbandonò la carriera diplomatica e si trasferì a Roma, dove si diede a studi di linguistica e riprese i lavori di de Sacy, riuscendo ad identificare tutti i nomi propri nella parte del testo in demotico in appena due mesi. Riuscì a decifrare anche le parole "greco", "tempio" ed "egizio", oltre a trovare la pronuncia corretta di 14 dei 29 segni, tuttavia pensò erroneamente che i simboli demotici fossero solo di natura fonetica.[1] Uno dei suoi metodi, ossia quello della comparazione con il copto, divenne poi la chiave per la decifrazione della scrittura geroglifica, compiuta da Jean-François Champollion nel 1822, pochi anni dopo la morte di Åkerblad.[1]

Opere

I testi di Åkerblad hanno spesso la forma di lettera:

  • Lettre à M. Silv. de Sacy sur l'écriture cursive Copte (1801)
  • Inscriptionis phoenicieæ Oxoniensis nova interpretatio (1802)
  • Lettre sur l'inscription égyptienne de Rosette, adressée au citoyen Silvestre de Sacy (1802)
  • Notice sur deux inscriptions en caractères runiques, trouvées à Venise et sur les Varanges, avec les remarques de M. d'Ansse de Villoison (1804)
  • Inscrizione greca sopra una lamina di piombo, trovata in un sepolcro nelle vicinanze d'Atene (1813)
  • Lettre sur une inscription phénicienne, trouvée à Athenes (1804)
  • Lettre à M:r le cheval. Italinsky sur une inscription phénicienne (1817)

Note

  1. ^ a b c Carol Andrews, The British Museum book of the Rosetta stone, P. Bedrick Books & British Museum Press 46 Bloomsbury Street, London WC1B 3QQ, 1985, p. 13, ISBN 978-0-87226-034-4.
  2. ^ (SV) Åkerblad, Johan David, in Nordisk familjebok, vol. 33, 2ª ed., 1922, pp. 952–953. URL consultato il 7 luglio 2010.
  3. ^ (SV) Åkerblad, Johan David, in Svenskt biografiskt handlexikon, vol. 2, 2ª ed., 1906, pp. 769–770. URL consultato il 7 luglio 2010.

Bibliografia

  • Fredrik Thomasson, A dangerous man of the Enlightenment. J.D. Åkerblad and Egyptology and Orientalism in times of revolutions. Firenze 2009
  • Fredrik Thomasson, The Life of J. D. Åkerblad. Egyptian dispherment and orientalism in revolutionary times. Leida, 2011
  • Christian Callmer, Johan David Åkerblad. Ett bidrag till hans biografi, Lychnos, 1952

Collegamenti esterni

Controllo di autoritàVIAF (EN) 24637340 · ISNI (EN) 0000 0001 0813 9873 · SBN SBLV312605 · BAV 495/106 · CERL cnp00385712 · LCCN (EN) n2012053779 · GND (DE) 116274778 · BNF (FR) cb12140208r (data) · J9U (EN, HE) 987007479457605171
  Portale Archeologia

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