Indice di Laakso-Taagepera

L'indice o formula di Laakso-Taagepera è un indice di diversità usato nell'ambito della scienza politica per misurare il "numero effettivo di partiti" tenendo conto dei voti che questi riescono a raccogliere alle elezioni o i seggi che hanno in parlamento. Venne proposto nel 1979 da Markku Laakso (un medico) e Rein Taagepera (un politologo).

Definito come

dove indica la frazioni di seggi o di voti di ogni singolo partito.

Corrisponde al reciproco dell'indice di concentrazione di Simpson λ' ovvero all'esponenziale dell'indice di diversità di Simpson D'.

Viene preferito all'indice di frammentazione di Rae-Taylor F (dal quale è legato dalla semplice relazione N=1/(1-F)) in quanto meno astratto e più simile come risultato immediato ad una idea di numero di partiti.

Indicando con l'indice di eterogeneità di Gini, allora l'indice di Laakso-Taagepera ovvero

Caratteristiche

Qualora ci sia un unico partito che raccoglie voti, allora l'indice N assume correttamente il valore 1.

In presenza di due grandi partiti (p.es. uno con il 50% e l'altro con il 45%) accompagnati da pochi partiti (diciamo 5, ciascuno con l'1%), l'indice si avvicina di più al valore 2 che non la semplice somma dei partiti e partitini. Nell'esempio 2,2 invece che 7.

Bibliografia

  • Markku Laakso e Rein Taagepera (1979) "Effective" Number of Parties: a Measure with Application to West Europe, in Comparative Political Studies
  Portale Economia: accedi alle voci di Wikipedia che trattano di economia

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