In folio

In-folio (abbreviato in-fol.) è la locuzione latina, da cui deriva la meno usata locuzione italiana "in-foglio" (abbreviato "in-fogl."), con la quale s'intende un formato dei libri.

Nei libri antichi il formato in-folio si otteneva piegando un foglio intero una sola volta lungo il lato maggiore, in modo da avere quattro facciate ossia due carte. I filoni, cioè i segni della vergatura più distanziati tra loro, simili appunto a grossi fili visibili in controluce nella carta, erano verticali, mentre la filigrana si trovava al centro di una delle carte. Il fascicolo, o segnatura, veniva poi costituito da più fogli piegati inseriti uno dentro l'altro.[1]

Il torchio tipografico realizzato da Johannes Gutenberg alla metà del XV secolo fu progettato per stampare in folio[2]. Pochi decenni dopo le tecnologie di impressione resero possibile la stampa di libri in formati più ridotti (ad esempio Aldo Manuzio verso l'anno 1500 fu il primo a realizzare volumi in formato tascabile).

Nell'Indice generale degli incunaboli delle biblioteche d'Italia (6 voll., Roma, Libreria dello Stato, 1943-81), contro una pluricentenaria tradizione bibliografica, l'in-folio è stato rinominato "in-2º".

Nei libri moderni il formato in-folio è dato dall'altezza del libro, misurata al frontespizio, convenzionalmente superiore a 38 cm.[3]

Note

  1. ^ Lorenzo Baldacchini, Il libro antico, Roma, Carocci, 1999, p. 88.
  2. ^ Niccolò Galimberti, Il "De componendis cyfris" di Leon Battista Alberti tra crittologia e tipografia, in Subiaco, la culla della stampa. Atti dei convegni (2006-2007), Roma, Iter edizioni, luglio 2010, pp. 167-240. URL consultato il 26 marzo 2020.
  3. ^ Renzo Frattarolo - Marco Santoro, Vocabolario biblio-tipografico, Ravenna, Longo, 1982, p. 43.

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