Imprecazione

Disambiguazione – Se stai cercando la figura retorica, vedi Imprecazione (figura retorica).

L'imprecazione (dal latino imprecatio, da imprecari, 'augurare il male') è una manifestazione verbale di odio o ira espressa nell'augurare il male a chi ci ha danneggiato (mannaggia[1] a te) o riferita alla condizione di disagio in cui si vive (mannaggia alla miseria) o anche a se stessi (mannaggia a me), quando ci si rimprovera per un'azione che ci ha causato un danno.

Se a sostegno del male augurato a una persona s'invoca l'intervento di un'entità soprannaturale che lo realizzi, allora si esprime una maledizione.[2]

Quando è rivolta alla divinità l'imprecazione è considerata bestemmia.[3]

Le imprecazioni bibliche

Nella religiosità ebraica le imprecazioni contenuti nel Libro dei Salmi della Bibbia ebraica (תנ"ך‎), sono considerati un appello alla divinità alla quale si chiedono giudizio, calamità o maledizioni sui propri nemici o su coloro che si percepiscono come nemici di Dio. I maggiori salmi imprecatori includono il Salmi 69[4] e il Salmi 100[5], mentre i Salmi 5, 6, 11, 12, 35, 37, 40, 52, 54, 56, 58, 79, 83, 137, 139, e 143 sono pure considerati imprecatori. Come esempio, il Salmo 69:24 afferma verso Dio: "Riversa su di loro il tuo furore, li raggiunga l'ardore della tua ira"

I Salmi (in ebraico Tehilim‎?, תהילים, o "lodi"), sono considerati parte sia delle Scritture ebraiche che cristiane e servivano come l'antico "salterio" o "innario" usato nel tempio di Gerusalemme, nella sinagoga, o nel culto privato.

Brani del Nuovo Testamento contengono citazioni dai Salmi imprecatori. Gesù di Nazareth viene mostrato citarli in Giovanni 15:25 e Giovanni 2:17, mentre l'apostolo Paolo cita dal Salmo 69 nella lettera ai Romani 11:9-10 e 15:3.

Note

  1. ^ In questo caso "mannaggia" sta per: mal(e) n(e) aggia (equivalente in dialetto meridionale di "abbia") in Accademia della Crusca, su accademiadellacrusca.it..
  2. ^ Maledizione, in Treccani.it – Enciclopedie on line, Roma, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana.
  3. ^ Imprecazione, in Treccani.it – Vocabolario Treccani on line, Roma, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana.
  4. ^ Salmi Salmi 69, su La Parola - La Sacra Bibbia in italiano in Internet.
  5. ^ Salmi Salmi 100, su La Parola - La Sacra Bibbia in italiano in Internet.

Bibliografia

  • D. Scaiola, «I Salmi imprecatori/il linguaggio violento dei Salmi. Preghiera e violenza», in La violenza nella Bibbia, a cura di L. MAZZINGHI, RSB 30 (2008), 61-79. S. SESSA «Sal 137: il ruggito della fede. Per una riconsiderazione del genere letterario imprecatorio come chiave di lettura fondamentale», RivBib 53 (2005) 129-172.
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