Impianto cocleare totalmente impiantabile

L'impianto cocleare totalmente impiantabile (ICTI) è un nuovo tipo di impianto cocleare attualmente in fase di sviluppo. A differenza di un impianto cocleare convenzionale, che ha sia un componente interno (l'impianto) che un componente esterno (il processore audio), tutti i componenti dell’ICTI, compresi il microfono e la batteria, sono impiantati sotto la pelle.[1] Ciò rende l’ICTI completamente invisibile dall'esterno.

L’ICTI è attualmente nella fase di sviluppo dello studio di fattibilità clinica.[2] Il primo paziente in Europa è stato impiantato con un ICTI nel settembre 2020 nell'ambito di una sperimentazione clinica.[3]

Parti

L'ICTI contiene gli stessi componenti interni di un impianto cocleare convenzionale, tra cui il magnete, la bobina dell’antenna, l’elettronica e l’array di elettrodi. Tuttavia, include anche caratteristiche tipiche di un processore audio, come una batteria ricaricabile impiantata e un microfono.[4] I componenti dell'ICTI possono essere integrati in un’unica struttura (design monobody) o collegati tramite connettori, consentendo la sostituzione dei singoli moduli in caso di guasto.[5]

Alcuni dispositivi esterni saranno comunque necessari. La batteria interna viene caricata transcutaneamente tramite un caricatore esterno, ad esempio durante la notte mentre l’utente dorme.[1] Inoltre, potrebbe essere richiesto un telecomando o un’app per accendere e spegnere l’impianto, regolare la sensibilità del microfono e controllare lo stato della batteria, tra altre funzioni.[4]

Vantaggi

Un impianto cocleare totalmente impiantabile - e quindi "invisibile" - è visto come un vantaggio per gli utenti, in particolare quelli che si sentono a disagio di indossare apparecchi acustici visibili.[5]

Inoltre, poiché l’ICTI non ha componenti esterni, è meno suscettibile a piccole rotture da urti e cadute.[5] La mancanza di parti esterne significa anche che non possono essere mal riposti, un problema comune con gli utenti pediatrici.

Un ICTI può funzionare durante la doccia, il nuoto e durante molti tipi di attività fisica vigorosa. Ciò consente all'utente di sentire durante lo svolgimento di queste attività.[5]

Note

  1. ^ a b (EN) University of Innsbruck, https://www.uibk.ac.at/mechatronik/signalverarbeitung-und-hochfrequenztechnik/forschung.html.en. URL consultato il 9 novembre 2021.
  2. ^ www.audiology-worldnews.com, http://www.audiology-worldnews.com/research/3946-med-el-gets-right-under-the-skin-with-tici-implant. URL consultato il 9 novembre 2021.
  3. ^ www.hoerakustik.net, https://www.hoerakustik.net/wissen/hoersysteme-technik-zubehoer/3299-erstes-tici-in-europa-implantiert. URL consultato il 9 novembre 2021.
  4. ^ a b Themes, U. F. O. (2016-08-27). "Considerations for Devising a Totally Implantable Cochlear Implant"
  5. ^ a b c d (EN) Noel Cohen, The Totally Implantable Cochlear Implant, in Ear & Hearing, vol. 28, n. 2, 2007-04, pp. 100S–101S, DOI:10.1097/AUD.0b013e31803150f4. URL consultato il 22 novembre 2024.

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