Helcionelloida

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Helcionelloida
Ricostruzione di Latouchella costata
Stato di conservazione
Fossile
Periodo di fossilizzazione: dal Cambriano al Siluriano
Classificazione scientifica
DominioEukaryota
RegnoAnimalia
SottoregnoEumetazoa
SuperphylumProtostomia
(clade)Lophotrochozoa
PhylumMollusca
SubphylumConchifera
ClasseHelcionelloida
Peel, 1991
Sottoclassi e Ordini

Helcionelloida Peel, 1991[1] è una classe estinta di molluschi marini, i cui resti fossili sono stati rinvenuti principalmente nell'emisfero boreale. I ritrovamenti sono databili tra il Cambriano (circa 542 milioni di anni fa) ed il Siluriano (Ludfordiano, 421,3 milioni di anni fa).[2]

Descrizione

Rappresentazione di Yochelcionella cyrano

L'aspetto generale ricorda grosso modo quello dei moderni gasteropodi terricoli, con un piano di simmetria bilaterale ben distinguibile. Inizialmente alcuni esemplari furono per errore inseriti nei monoplacofori. Questi moluschi possedevano di regola una conchiglia conica, solo lievemente spiraliforme. La taglia era ridotta, dal momento che sono stati rinvenuti fossili con diametro di circa due millimetri. Nella conchiglia di talune specie (e.g. Yochelcionella cyrano) è stata notata la presenza di un'apertura, presumibilmente occupata da un sifone respiratorio.[1]

Distribuzione e habitat

La massima diffusione di queste forme si è avuta nel Cambriano, mentre solo pochi esemplari sono stati rinvenuti provenienti dal Siluriano o dall'Ordoviciano.[2]

Sono venuti alla luce resti fossili in Europa (Regno Unito, Spagna, Norvegia, Svezia, Danimarca, Germania, Italia, Polonia, Repubblica Ceca, Turchia, Russia), Asia (Israele, Iran, Kazakistan, Kirghizistan, Mongolia, Cina, India, Corea del Nord, Corea del Sud), America Settentrionale (Canada, Groenlandia, Stati Uniti d'America, Messico), Africa (Marocco, Senegal), Oceania (Australia e Nuova Zelanda) e Antartide.[2]

L'habitat era rappresentato dai fondali marini.[1]

Tassonomia

Pelagiella atlantoides (Pelagiellifomes, Pelagiellidae)

Mentre in passato queste forme venivano incluse nel generico gruppo dei molluschi del Cambriano,[3] più di recente Parkhaev ha proposta la seguente tassonomia:[4][5]

Note

  1. ^ a b c Peel, J. S., Functional morphology of the Class Helcionelloida nov., and the early evolution of the Mollusca. In: Simonetta, A. M., Conway Morris, S. The early evolution of Metazoa and the significance of problematic taxa, Cambridge University Press, 1991, pp. 157-177, ISBN 978-0-521-40242-2.
  2. ^ a b c Helcionelloida, su Paleobiology Database. URL consultato il 16 novembre 2013 (archiviato dall'url originale il 10 giugno 2015).
  3. ^ Bouchet, P.; Rocroi, J.-P. (Ed.), Classification and nomenclator of gastropod families. Malacologia: International Journal of Malacology 47(1-2), Hackenheim, Germania, ConchBooks, 2005, p. 397, ISBN 3-925919-72-4.
  4. ^ Parkhaev, P. Yu., Adaptive radiation of the Cambrian helcionelloid mollusks (Gastropoda, Archaeobranchia). In: S.V. Rozhnov (ed.) "Evolution of the biosphere and biodiversity. Towards the 70th anniversary of A. Y. Rozanov" (PDF), Mosca, 2006, pp. 282-296 (archiviato dall'url originale il 10 giugno 2015).
  5. ^ Parkhaev, P. Yu., The Cambrian ‘basement’ of gastropod evolution, vol. 286, Londra, Geological Society - Special Publications, 2007, pp. 415–421.

Bibliografia

  • Atkins, C.J. & Peel, J.S., New species of Yochelcionella (Mollusca: Helcionelloida) from the Lower Cambrian of North Greenland, in Bulletin of the Geological Society of Denmark, vol. 51, 2004, pp. 1–9.
  • Atkins C. J. & Peel J. S., Yochelcionella (Mollusca, Helcionelloida) from the lower Cambrian of North America, in Bulletin of Geosciences, vol. 83, n. 1, 2008, pp. 23-38 (8 figure), DOI:10.3140/bull.geosci.2008.01.023.
  • Babcock, L.E., Peng, S., Geyer, G. & Shergold, J., Changing perspectives on Cambrian chronostratigraphy and progress towards subdivision of the Cambrian system, in Geosciences Journal, vol. 9, 2005, pp. 101–106.
  • Bengtson, S., Conway Morris, S., Cooper, B.J., Jell, P.A. & Runnegar, B., Early Cambrian fossils from South Australia, in Memoir, vol. 9, 1990, pp. 1–364.
  • Berg-Madsen, V. & Peel, J.S., Yochelcionella (Mollusca) from the Late Middle Cambrian of Bornholm, Denmark, in Bulletin of the Geological Society of Denmark, vol. 36, 1987, pp. 259–261.
  • Blaker, M.R. & Peel, J.S., Lower Cambrian trilobites from North Greenland, in Meddr Gronland Geoscience, vol. 35, 1997, pp. 1–145.
  • Bouchet, P.; Rocroi, J.-P. (Ed.), Classification and nomenclator of gastropod families. Malacologia: International Journal of Malacology 47(1-2), Hackenheim, Germania, ConchBooks, 2005, p. 397, ISBN 3-925919-72-4.
  • Brock, G. A., Middle Cambrian molluscs from the southern New England Fold Belt, New South Wales, Australia, in Geobios, vol. 31, 1998, pp. 571–586.
  • Burzin, M. B.; Debrenne, F.; Zhuravlev, A. Yu., Evolution of shallow-water level bottom communities. The ecology of the Cambrian radiation. In: A. Yu. Zhuravlev, R. Riding (eds.), New York, Columbia University Press, 2001, pp. 217-237.
  • Dzik, J., Is fossil evidence consistent with traditional views of the early metazoan phylogeny? The Early evolution of Metazoa and the significance of problematic taxa. In: A. Simonetta, S. Conway Morris (eds.), Cambridge, University Press, 1991, pp. 47-56.
  • Gubanov, A. P.; Kouchinsky, A. V.; Peel, J. S., The first evolutionary-adaptive lineage within fossil mollusks, in Lethaia, vol. 32, 1999, pp. 155-157.
  • Gubanov, A. P.; Peel, J. S., Oelandiella, the earliest Cambrian helcionelloid mollusk from Siberia, in Palaeontology, vol. 42, n. 2, 1999, pp. 211-222.
  • Kouchinsky, A. V., Molluscs, hyoliths, stenothecoids and coelosclerotophorans. The ecology of Cambrian Radiation. In: A. Yu. Zhuravlev, R. Riding (eds.), New York, Columbia University Press, 2001, pp. 326-349.
  • Peel, J. S., Functional morphology of the Class Helcionelloida nov., and the early evolution of the Mollusca. In: Simonetta, A. M., Conway Morris, S. The early evolution of Metazoa and the significance of problematic taxa, Cambridge University Press, 1991, pp. 157-177, ISBN 978-0-521-40242-2.
  • Sepkoski, J. J., A compendium of fossil marine animal genera, in Bulletins of American Paleontology, vol. 363, 2002.
  • Wotte, T., New Middle Cambrian mollucs from the Láncara Formation of the Cantabrian Mountains (north-western Spain), in Revista Española de Paleontología, vol. 21, n. 2, 2006, pp. 145-158.

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