Heinrich Koenen

Heinrich Koenen (Berlino, 12 maggio 1910Sachsenhausen, febbraio 1945) è stato un ingegnere tedesco, combattente della resistenza antifascista e agente del servizio segreto militare sovietico GRU (in russo Главное разведывательное управление?, Glavnoye razvedyvatel'noye upravleniye), noto come "scout"[1].

Biografia

Nacque a Berlino figlio del deputato comunista del Reichstag Wilhelm Koenen.[2][3][4] Fu scelto come responsabile politico della Lega della Gioventù Comunista di Germania. Studiò ingegneria alla Technische Hochschule di Charlottenburg, ma per motivi politici fu espulso nel 1933 prima dell'esame finale. Emigrò in Unione Sovietica attraverso la Danimarca e la Svezia, dove lavorò come ingegnere in una fabbrica di trattori di Mosca e nel 1940 divenne cittadino sovietico.

Dopo l'invasione nazista dell'Unione Sovietica nel 1941, si offrì volontario per il servizio militare e fu addestrato per l'impiego in Germania come paracadutista e operatore radio. Gli fu affidato il compito di ripristinare i collegamenti interrotti tra la sede moscovita del Comintern e del GRU e il gruppo berlinese dell'Orchestra Rossa.[5] Il 23 ottobre 1942,[6] Koenen si paracadutò dietro le linee tedesche a Osterode, nella Prussia orientale, e si diresse a Berlino per incontrare il suo contatto, Ilse Stöbe.[7][8] Il 29 ottobre 1942, fu arrestato da un ufficiale della Gestapo che lo attendeva nell'appartamento di Stöbe.[7]

Koenen fu giustiziato senza processo nel campo di concentramento di Sachsenhausen nel febbraio 1945.[4][9] Il suo nome è iscritto su un monumento commemorativo nel Memoriale dei Socialisti (in tedesco Gedenkstätte der Sozialisten) di Berlino.

Note

  1. ^ Kesaris, p. 302.
  2. ^ (EN) Horst Gunther Duhnke, German Communism in the Nazi Era, University of California, 1964, p. 423.
  3. ^ (DE) Kurzbiographien der Personen in den "Akten der Reichskanzlei, Weimarer Republik", su www.bundesarchiv.de. URL consultato il 16 settembre 2024.
  4. ^ a b (EN) EAST GERMAN POSTAGE STAMPS HONOR ROTE KAPELLE AGENTS (PDF), su cia.gov, 23 giugno 1967, p. 23.
  5. ^ (DE) DIE „ROTE KAPELLE" IM SPANNUNGSFELD VON WIDERSTAND UND NACHRICHTENDIENSTLICHER TÄTIGKEIT (PDF), su ifz-muenchen.de, p. 3.
  6. ^ Internet Archive, The Rote Kapelle : the CIA's history of Soviet intelligence and espionage networks in Western Europe, 1936-1945, Frederick, Md. : University Publications of America, 1986, ISBN 978-0-89093-203-2. URL consultato il 16 settembre 2024.
  7. ^ a b (DE) David J. Dallin, Die Sowjetspionage. Die Rote Kapelle in Deutschland, su bpb.de. URL consultato il 16 settembre 2024.
  8. ^ Kesaris, p. 134.
  9. ^ (EN) Stephen Tyas, SS-Major Horst Kopkow: From the Gestapo to British Intelligence, Fonthill Media, 2017, p. 189, ISBN 9781781555989, OCLC 990804265.

Bibliografia

  • Paul L. Kesaris (a cura di), The Rote Kapelle: the CIA's history of Soviet intelligence and espionage networks in Western Europe, 1936-1945. (PDF), Washington, University Publications of America, 1979, p. 302, ISBN 978-0-89093-203-2. URL consultato il 12 maggio 2022.
  • Luise Kraushaar et al., Deutsche Widerstandskämpfer 1933–1945: Biografien und Briefe, vol. 1, Berlino, Dietz-Verlag, 1970, p. 513 ff.
  • Hans-Joachim Fieber et al., Widerstand in Berlin gegen das NS-Regime 1933 bis 1945: ein biographisches Lexikon, vol. 4, Berlino, Trafo-Verlag, 2002, p. 115, ISBN 3-89626-354-4.
  • Helmut Roewer, Stefan Schäfer e Matthias Uhl, Lexikon der Geheimdienste im 20 Jahrhundert, Munich, Herbig, 2003, p. 242 ff, ISBN 3-7766-2317-9.
  • Ulrich Sahm, Ilse Stöbe Die Rote Kapelle im Widerstand gegen den Nationalsozialismus. Schriften der Gedenkstätte Deutscher Widerstand, a cura di Hans Coppi Jr., Jürgen Danyel, John Tuchel, Berlin, 1994, pp. 262-276, ISBN 3-89468-110-1.
  • Leopold Trepper, Die Wahrheit: Autobiographie des 'grand Chef' der roten Kapelle, Freiburg, Ahriman-Verlag, 1995, ISBN 3-89484-554-6.
  • Heinrich-Wilhelm Wörmann, Widerstand in Charlottenburg; Band 5 der Schriftenreihe der Gedenkstätte Deutscher Widerstand, Berlin, 1991, p. 133.

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