Grande Spirito

"Appello al Grande Spirito", statua monumentale di Cyrus Dallin davanti al Museum of Fine Arts (Boston)

Il Grande Spirito è una concezione di essere supremo, diffusa soprattutto tra le culture dei nativi americani[1]. Chiamato anche Wakan Tanka dai Lakota (e quindi Sioux)[2], Gitchi Manitou (da cui il semplice termine Manitù o Manitou) dagli Algonchini, Watan dagli Arapaho e Oki dagli Irochesi, il Grande Spirito è una concezione panenteistica di Dio[3].

Secondo le credenze dei pellerossa, il Grande Spirito sarebbe vicino alla gente, oltre che il creatore di ogni cosa sul mondo materiale, e regnerebbe in un Paradiso chiamato «Felice territorio di caccia».

Il capo Dan Evehema, guida spirituale degli Hopi, così descrisse il Grande Spirito:

«"Per gli Hopi, il Grande Spirito è onnipotente. Egli ci ha insegnato come vivere, lavorare, dove andare e cosa mangiare; ci ha dato semi da piantare e coltivare. Ci ha dato una serie di tavole di pietra, nelle quali soffiò tutti i suoi insegnamenti, al fine di salvaguardare la sua terra e la vita. In quelle tavolette vi erano incisi istruzioni, profezie ed ammonimenti"»

Nel Manituismo sono presenti delle "guide spirituali", persone investite o quantomeno riconosciute dalla comunità come intermediari tra la Terra e la divinità. Tuttavia, rispetto al cristianesimo, nel Manituismo è particolarmente accentuato l'aspetto panenteistico.

Note

  1. ^ (EN) Robert Murray Thomas, Manitou and God. North-American Indian Religions and Christian Culture, Greenwood Publishing Group, 2007, p. 35, ISBN 0313347794.
  2. ^ Ostler, Jeffry. The Plains Sioux and U.S. Colonialism from Lewis and Clark to Wounded Knee. Cambridge University Press, Jul 5, 2004. ISBN 0521605903, pg 26.
  3. ^ Means, Robert. Where White Men Fear to Tread: The Autobiography of Russell Means. Macmillan, 1995. ISBN 0312147619 pg 241.
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