Go-kyō-no-waza

Disambiguazione – Se stai cercando altri significati, vedi Gokyo (Nepal).

Il Go-kyō-no-waza (五教の技, le tecniche dei cinque gruppi), o anche più comunemente solo gokyō, è il principale metodo di insegnamento delle tecniche classiche del jūdō.

Creato dal Prof. Jigorō Kanō pochi anni dopo la fondazione del Kōdōkan, è stato successivamente perfezionato fino all'ottenimento dell'attuale sistema, risalente al 1920.

Tale metodo si basa sulla classificazione delle 40 principali nage-waza (tecniche di proiezione) in cinque gruppi di difficoltà crescente sia per complessità esecutiva che per i principî esplicitati.

In Italia, come in molte altre nazioni, il gokyō è parte fondamentale degli esami di graduazione da 5° a 1º kyū e la sua completa conoscenza è indispensabile per qualunque jūdōka, infatti il Prof. Kanō selezionò (principalmente ma non esclusivamente) dal jū-jutsu della Kitō ryū quelle tecniche che meglio rispondevano ai suoi criteri educativi e che non presentavano pericoli per i praticanti. È fondamentalmente una progressione didattica, un programma scolastico.

L'insieme del go-kyō-no-waza (revisione del 1920), habukareta-waza e shinmeishō-no-waza, costituisce la lista dei 67 nage-waza ufficiali, riconosciuti dal Kōdōkan e dall'IJF. Tali tecniche non costituiscono più una progressione didattica ma una Classificazione, suddivisa secondo gli stessi principi biomeccanici presenti nel Nage-no-kata (te-waza; koshi-waza; ashi-waza; ma-mae-sutemi-waza; yoko-sutemi-waza).

Go-kyō-no-waza del 1920 (Shin-go-kyo)

Dai Ikkyō

(Primo gruppo, 5º kyū)

  1. De Ashi Barai
  2. Hiza Guruma (膝車)
  3. Sasae Tsurikomi Ashi
  4. Uki Goshi
  5. Ō Soto Gari
  6. Ō Goshi
  7. Ō Uchi Gari
  8. Seoi Nage

Dai Nikyō

(Secondo gruppo, 4º kyū)

  1. Ko Soto Gari
  2. Ko Uchi Gari
  3. Koshi Guruma
  4. Tsurikomi Goshi
  5. Okuri Ashi Barai
  6. Tai Otoshi (体落)
  7. Harai Goshi
  8. Uchi Mata (内股)

Dai Sankyō

(Terzo gruppo, 3º kyū)

  1. Ko Soto Gake
  2. Tsuri Goshi
  3. Yoko Otoshi
  4. Ashi Guruma (足車)
  5. Hane Goshi
  6. Harai Tsurikomi Ashi
  7. Tomoe Nage
  8. Kata Guruma

Dai Yonkyō

(Quarto gruppo, 2º kyū)

  1. Sumi Gaeshi
  2. Tani Otoshi
  3. Hane Makikomi
  4. Sukui Nage
  5. Utsuri Goshi
  6. Ō Guruma
  7. Soto Makikomi
  8. Uki Otoshi

Dai Gokyō

(Quinto gruppo, 1º kyū)

  1. Ō Soto Guruma
  2. Uki Waza
  3. Yoko Wakare
  4. Yoko Guruma
  5. Ushiro Goshi
  6. Ura Nage
  7. Sumi Otoshi (隅落)
  8. Yoko Gake

Habukareta waza (tecniche escluse)

Le seguenti sono tecniche di proiezione addizionali, escluse dall'ultima formulazione del gokyō ma presenti nel gokyō del 1895:

  1. Obi Otoshi
  2. Seoi Otoshi
  3. Yama Arashi
  4. Ō Soto Otoshi
  5. Daki Wakare
  6. Hikkomi Gaeshi
  7. Tawara Gaeshi
  8. Uchi Makikomi

Shinmeishō-no-waza (tecniche di nuova denominazione)

Le seguenti sono tecniche aggiunte successivamente dal Kōdōkan Jūdō Institute a seguito degli studi della Commissione di Ricerca oppure perché di uso comune nello shiai, ovvero nella competizione agonistica:

  1. Morote Gari
  2. Kuchiki Taoshi
  3. Kibisu Gaeshi
  4. Uchi Mata Sukashi
  5. Daki Age[1]
  6. Tsubame Gaeshi
  7. Ko Uchi Gaeshi
  8. Ō Uchi Gaeshi
  9. Ō Soto Gaeshi
  10. Harai Goshi Gaeshi
  11. Uchi Mata Gaeshi
  12. Hane Goshi Gaeshi
  13. Kani Basami[1]
  14. Ō Soto Makikomi
  15. Kawazu Gake[1]
  16. Harai Makikomi
  17. Uchi Mata Makikomi
  18. Sode Tsurikomi Goshi
  19. Ippon Seoi Nage

Gokyo-no-waza del 1895 (Kyu-go-kyo)

Dai Ikkyō

  1. Hiza Guruma
  2. Sasae Tsurikomi Ashi
  3. Uki Goshi
  4. Tai Otoshi
  5. Ō Soto Gari
  6. De Ashi Barai
  7. Yoko Otoshi

Dai Nikkyō

  1. Sumi Gaeshi
  2. Ō Goshi
  3. Ko Soto Gari
  4. Koshi Guruma
  5. Seoi Nage
  6. Tomoe Nage
  7. Tani Otoshi

Dai Sankyō

  1. Okuri Ashi Barai
  2. Harai Goshi
  3. Ushiro Goshi
  4. Ura Nage
  5. Uchi Mata
  6. Obi Otoshi
  7. Hane Goshi

Dai Yonkyō

  1. Uki Otoshi
  2. Uki Waza
  3. Daki Wakare
  4. Kata Guruma
  5. Hikkomi Gaeshi
  6. Soto Makikomi
  7. Tsuri Goshi
  8. Utsuri Goshi
  9. Ō Soto Otoshi
  10. Tawara Gaeshi

Dai Gokyō

  1. Yoko Guruma
  2. Yoko Wakare
  3. Uchi Makikomi
  4. Ko Uchi Gari
  5. Ashi Guruma
  6. Seoi Otoshi
  7. Yoko Gake
  8. Harai Tsurikomi Ashi
  9. Yama Arashi
  10. Ō Soto Guruma
  11. Tsurikomi Goshi

Note

  1. ^ a b c Kinshi-waza. L'utilizzo di questa tecnica nello shiai è assolutamente vietato a causa della pericolosità per l'avversario.
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