Giorgio Merula

Giorgio Merula, propriamente Giorgio Merlani di Negro, nome umanistico Georgius Merula Alexandrinus (Alessandria, 1430Milano, 13-14 marzo 1494[1]), è stato un filologo, storico e umanista italiano.

Biografia

L'umanista Francesco Filelfo

Giorgio Merlani nacque ad Alessandria da nobile famiglia sul finire del 1430. Studiò a Milano dal 1444 al 1446 sotto la guida di Francesco Filelfo, di cui divenne successivamente avversario fra i più fieri, attaccandolo nella In Filelphum a causa di una critica filologica del primo nei confronti dell'allievo[2]; poi si spostò a Padova e a Venezia. Dal 1460/61 cominciò ad insegnare a Mantova e, dal 1465, quindi a Venezia, dove aprì una scuola privata molto frequentata per poi insegnare in quella prestigiosa di San Marco[2]. Qui incontrò il grecista Giorgio Valla, che Merula convinse ad insegnare greco. Su invito di Ludovico il Moro si trasferì a Pavia, dove risiedette dal 1483 al 1485 insegnando nello Studium locale, e quindi a Milano presso l'Accademia, dove rimase fino al 1494, anno della sua morte[3].

Fra i suoi allievi si annoverano Baldassare Castiglione, Taddeo Ugoleto e Tristano Calco; quest'ultimo ereditò anche la biblioteca del maestro e si dedicò a proseguirne l'opera storiografica. Attaccò violentemente Poliziano (In Politianum), accusandolo di aver plagiato i suoi scritti nei Miscellanea; laddove invece si trattava di testi originali, ne confutava la correttezza[4].

Opere

Agnolo Poliziano, poeta ed umanista

Uno degli interessi principali di Merula fu l'edizione ed il commento di classici latini e greci: pubblicò l'editio princeps di Plauto (1472), lavorò sugli Scriptores rei rusticae, su Catone il vecchio, Varrone, Columella, Palladio e Marziale; e ancora Cicerone (De finibus bonorum et malorum), Ausonio, Giovenale, Curzio Rufo, Quintiliano. Dal greco tradusse le Vite di Nerva, di Traiano e di Adriano redatte da Dione Cassio compendiato da Giovanni Xifilino[2].
Ludovico il Moro lo incaricò di redigere una storia della famiglia Visconti (Antiquitates Vicecomitum o Historia Vicecomitum), dandogli il permesso di consultare la biblioteca e l'archivio visconteo di Pavia. Merula, però, non la completerà mai: si fermò infatti alla battaglia di Parabiago del 1339[1], più di cent'anni prima che la dinastia si estinguesse con Filippo Maria (1447). In relazione a quest'opera, Merula consultò anche la Commedia di Dante, cercando di indagare, a partire dai versi 73-75 del canto VIII del Purgatorio, l'identità della sposa di Galeazzo I Visconti (Beatrice d'Este) e i motivi della critica aspra che il poeta fiorentino fa nei confronti del signore di Milano[5].

Scrisse infine una narrazione dell'assedio turco di Scutari (Bellum Scodrense), composta nel settembre 1474; la fortezza sarebbe poi caduta nelle mani degli Ottomani nel gennaio 1479.

Si dedicò inoltre alla ricerca di manoscritti greci e latini; presso il monastero di Bobbio, nel 1493, l'allievo Giorgio Galbiate ebbe la ventura di scoprirne un numero cospicuo, sebbene la morte abbia troncato il suo desiderio di pubblicarne i testi[2].

Note

Bibliografia

Voci correlate

Altri progetti

Collegamenti esterni

Controllo di autoritàVIAF (EN76466284 · ISNI (EN0000 0001 1029 8136 · SBN RMLV020048 · BAV 495/34138 · CERL cnp00873760 · LCCN (ENn86113780 · GND (DE100942415 · BNE (ESXX1692366 (data) · BNF (FRcb13484063s (data) · J9U (ENHE987007271429105171 · NSK (HR000678026 · CONOR.SI (SL64947299

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