Gezira (Sudan)

Gezira
stato (wilāya)
Localizzazione
StatoSudan (bandiera) Sudan
Amministrazione
CapoluogoWad Madani
Territorio
Coordinate
del capoluogo		14°24′N 33°31′E
Altitudine406 m s.l.m.
Superficie27 549 km²
Abitanti4 926 555 (stima 2017)
Densità178,83 ab./km²
Altre informazioni
Fuso orarioUTC+3
ISO 3166-2SD-GZ
Cartografia
Gezira – Localizzazione
Gezira – Localizzazione
Sito istituzionale
Modifica dati su Wikidata · Manuale

La Gezira[1] (detto anche el-Gezira[2] o el-Geziret[2] propriamente, "l'isola" e cioè al-Jazira in arabo ولاية الجزيرة‎?, Wilāyat al-Jazīra) è uno degli Stati del Sudan.

Gerografia

Lo Stato è situato tra la confluenza del Nilo Azzurro con il Nilo Bianco (da cui il nome Gezira che in arabo significa "l'isola") nella regione centro-orientale del paese e ha una popolazione di circa 3.6 milioni di abitanti[3]. Ha per capitale la città di Wad Medani. È una zona densamente popolata adatta all'agricoltura.

Storia

La zona appartiene alla Nubia meridionale ma poco si sa della sua storia nell'antichità e pochi scavi archeologici sono stati condotti in questa zona.

Fece parte del Regno di Alodia per diversi secoli ma con la caduta di esso, all'inizio del XVI secolo divenne il centro del Regno di Sennar dei Funj.

Economia

La regione ha piantagioni di cotone fin dal 1925, iniziate con l'avviamento del progetto Gezira Scheme. In quel periodo fu anche costruita la Diga di Sennar insieme a diversi canali di irrigazione. Gezira divenne così la più grande zona agricola del Sudan con i suoi 2.5 milioni di acri, vale a dire 10.000 km quadrati di terreno coltivabile. Il progetto iniziale fu d'iniziativa privata ma fu poi nazionalizzato nel 1950.

La produzione di cotone aumentò nel 1970, ma a causa della mancanza d'acqua e del forte incremento della popolazione, le piantagioni di cotone furono abbandonate a vantaggio di coltivazioni di frumento.

Note

  1. ^ Cfr. sulla Treccani: [1], [2]
  2. ^ a b Cfr. Gezira sull'Enciclopedia Sapere
  3. ^ Central Bureau of Statistics/Southern Sudan Centre for Census Statistics and Evaluation (PDF), su southsudaninfo.net. URL consultato il 26 luglio 2013 (archiviato dall'url originale il 20 maggio 2013).

Altri progetti

Collegamenti esterni

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