Gerardo da Sabbioneta

Gerardo da Sabbioneta (in lingua latina: Girardus de Sabloneta Cremonensis) (Sabbioneta, ... – XIII secolo) è stato un astrologo, astronomo e traduttore italiano autore di alcuni iudicia, scritti subito dopo il 1255 e noto anche per l'attribuzione, probabilmente erronea[1], della traduzione del Theorica planetarum, opera di Gherardo da Cremona.

Biografia

Nativo di Sabbioneta, Gerardo fu particolarmente famoso ai suoi tempi come astrologo, tanto che i suoi responsi gli furono richiesti da figure di primo piano della politica del tempo come Ezzelino da Romano e Oberto Pelavicino e molti importanti signori di quell'epoca lo consultavano frequentemente[2]. Nella Biblioteca Vaticana si possono ancora leggere i suoi responsi con il titolo di Iudicia Maestri Girardi de Sabloneta cremonensis super multis questionibus et certis nativitatibus ac annorum mundi revolutionibus.[3]

A Gerardo sono state attribuite varie traduzioni dall'arabo al latino: oltre alla dubbia attribuzione della Theorica planetarum, le traduzioni di Gerardo includono Il canone della medicina di Avicenna[4] e l'Almansor di al-Razi (conosciuto con il nome latino di "Rhazes").[5][6]

Note

  1. ^ "A lungo controversa è stata l'attribuzione a G. della paternità di un'opera, nota con il titolo di Theorica planetarum, una sorta di compendio dell'Almagesto volto a illustrare i movimenti delle sfere celesti e quelli della Terra. La Theorica planetarum è stata edita diverse volte nel corso del XV secolo sia singolarmente (cfr. IGI, nn. 4227 s.), sia unita alla Sphaera mundi di Giovanni da Sacrobosco (IGI, nn. 5337-5340, 5342); ed è stata oggetto di studio da parte di Carmody, che ne ha proposto una nuova edizione (Theorica planetarum Gherardi, Berkeley-Los Angeles 1942). Carmody però, sulla scorta di Boncompagni e di Nallino (Il G. Cremonese...) ha attribuito l'opera a Gherardo di Sabbioneta, un astronomo padano vissuto nella seconda metà del XIII secolo, autore di consultazioni astrologiche (iudicia) redatte tra il 1255 e il 1260 (alcuni excerpta di queste, commissionate anche da piccoli feudatari padani quali Buoso da Dovara e Umberto Pallavicino, furono editi da Boncompagni, pp. 74 s., dal manoscritto della Biblioteca apostolica vaticana, Vat. lat. 4083). L'attribuzione a Gherardo da Sabbioneta (ancora riconfermata in Lexikon des Mittelalters, IV, 2, 1989, col. 1436, e nel Gesamtkatalog der Wiegendrucke, IX, 1991, coll. 407 s.) è stata però negata, in favore di G., da Sezgin (IV, p. 45), nonché da Lemay (1978, p. 189), che qualifica la Theorica..., testo base fra l'altro per l'insegnamento dell'astronomia nelle facoltà d'arti nel corso del XIII e XIV secolo, come "original work" di G. da Cremona. Tale attribuzione accolta con maggiore prudenza da altri studiosi (cfr. Federici Vescovini, 1990, che ritiene che l'opera "possa attribuirsi probabilmente a Gherardo da Cremona o a Gherardo unitamente a Giovanni da Siviglia", p. 120) è ancora oggetto di discussione: la paternità di G. per esempio non è accolta da O. Pedersen. Di questo testo dovette anche esistere una versione in catalano conservata un tempo in un codice, ora scomparso, della Biblioteca Fabroniana di Pistoia (cfr. Pernau Espelt, che attribuisce l'opera a Gherardo da Sabbioneta)." in gherardo-da-cremona_(Dizionario-Biografico)
  2. ^ «Conservasi nella Vaticana un Codice MSS in cui si contengono le risposte che questo Gerardo dava ad Ecelino e ad altri principali Signori di quell'età allorché lo consultavano.» Giambattista Verci, Storia degli Ecelini, T. I. Lib. 6. pag. 157.
  3. ^ Della vita e delle opere di Gherardo Cremonese, traduttore del secolo duodecimo, e di Gherardo da Sabbionetta, astronomo del secolo decimoterzo: notizie raccolte, Baldassarre Boncompagni, Tipografia delle belle arti, piazza Poli n. 91, 1851, p. 74
  4. ^ Nicholas Ostler, Ad Infinitum, Harper Press, 2009, p. 211, ISBN 978-0-00-734306-5.
  5. ^ Italy Illuminated, Volume 2, Libri 5-8, Flavio Biondo, Harvard University Press, 2016, p. 39
  6. ^ «Gerardo Subloneta medicinae astrologiaeque tum chaldaeis arabicarumque literarum peritissimo qui Avicennam Rasimque sive Almansorem convertit», Raphaelis Volaterrani Commentariorum rerum urbanarum libri XXXVIII, IV, c. d5r, Parigi, J. Badius, 1526.

Bibliografia

  • Baldassarre Boncompagni, Della vita e delle opere di Gherardo Cremonese, traduttore del secolo decimosecondo, e di Gherardo da Sabbioneta, astronomo del secolo decimoterzo, in Atti dell'Accademia Pontificia dei Nuovi Lincei, 1850-51, IV, pp. 387-493
  • Carlo Alfonso Nallino, Il Gherardo Cremonese della Theorica planetarum deve ritenersi essere Gherardo Cremonese da Sabbioneta, "Rendiconti della classe di Scienze Morali, Storiche e Filologiche", serie VI, vol. VIII, fascicoli 5-6, Roma 1932, pp. 386-404.
  • Olaf Pedersen, The origins of the Theorica planetarum, in Journal for the history of astronomy, 12 (1981), p. 113-123

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Controllo di autoritàVIAF (EN229046600 · ISNI (EN0000 0003 6454 5790 · LCCN (ENn86026020 · J9U (ENHE987012503267505171

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