Galleria Misericordia

Galleria Misericordia
Tipo	Galleria ferroviaria
Stato	Italia
Localizzazione	Enna
Coordinate	37°34′48.79″N 14°16′55.28″E37°34′48.79″N, 14°16′55.28″E
Gestore	RFI
Linea	Palermo-Catania Catania-Agrigento
Lunghezza	1,424 km
Nº di canne	1
Nº di binari	1
Scartamento	1 435 mm
Alimentazione	3 000 V cc
Apertura	1877
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La galleria Misericordia è una galleria ferroviaria a semplice binario della ferrovia Palermo-Catania, sulla difficile tratta ferroviaria tra Enna e Villarosa^[1], costruita per valicare le ultime propaggini dei monti Erei.

La ferrovia Palermo-Catania a causa della difficile e tormentata orografia dell'interno della Sicilia ha richiesto la costruzione di un certo numero di gallerie tra cui alcune di lunghezza superiore al km. Immediatamente sotto la città di Enna è stata costruita la sua stazione ferroviaria raggiunta da una linea a semplice binario in forte ascesa da ambedue le direzioni di provenienza e attraverso una galleria di valico della lunghezza di 1.424 metri dal lato di Palermo. Ambedue le tratte, aperte al traffico tra 1876 e 1877^[2], con pendenza tra 27 e 31 per mille tra Pirato ed Enna e del 28 per mille tra Villarosa ed Enna^[3], hanno sempre imposto l'utilizzo di una locomotiva di spinta o della doppia trazione per i treni più pesanti. Fino alla metà degli anni settanta a causa dell'utilizzo delle locomotive a vapore anche in tripla trazione per il traino dei pesanti treni merci l'esercizio ferroviario nella galleria era molto gravoso a causa dei fumi di ristagno. La situazione è nettamente migliorata in seguito alla dieselizzazione. Nella metà degli anni ottanta la galleria è stata oggetto di importanti lavori di adeguamento della sagoma limite della galleria per adeguarla alle maggiori misure necessarie per l'elettrificazione della linea, mediante abbassamento del piano del ferro e consolidamento della volta.

All'interno della galleria Misericordia, circa 200 m prima dello sbocco lato Enna, al km 251,230, si raggiunge il punto più alto della linea^[3] con il valico della catena montuosa degli Erei tra i due contrafforti su cui sorgono rispettivamente le città di Enna e di Calascibetta.

Note

^ Ferrovie dello Stato,fascicolo, pp.144.
^ Tuzza,elenco cronologico.
^ ^a ^b Ferrovie dello Stato,fascicolo, pp.144,151.

Bibliografia

Ferrovie dello Stato, Fascicolo circolazione della unità periferica Sicilia, Genova, Silvio Basile S.r.l, edizione in vigore dal 24 settembre 1995.
Alessandro Tuzza, Prospetto cronologico dei tratti di ferrovia aperti all'esercizio dal 1839 al 31 dicembre 1926, su trenidicarta.it. URL consultato il 21-09-2012.

Voci correlate

Portale Sicilia

Portale Trasporti

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