Galidiinae

Come leggere il tassoboxProgetto:Forme di vita/Come leggere il tassobox
Come leggere il tassobox
Vontsira
Galidia elegans
Classificazione scientifica
DominioEukaryota
RegnoAnimalia
PhylumChordata
ClasseMammalia
OrdineCarnivora
FamigliaEupleridae
SottofamigliaGalidiinae
Gray, 1865
Generi

I Galidiini (Galidiinae Gray, 1865) sono una sottofamiglia di mammiferi carnivori, endemici del Madagascar. Assieme agli Euplerini formano la famiglia degli Eupleridi. Talvolta vengono chiamati manguste del Madagascar o malgasce.

Tassonomia

Questa sottofamiglia comprende cinque specie suddivise in quattro generi:

  • Genere Galidia I. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1837
    • G. elegans I. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1837 - mangusta dalla coda ad anelli
      • G. e. elegans I. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1837
      • G. e. dambrensis Tate and Rand, 1941
      • G. e. occidentalis Albignac, 1971
  • Genere Galidictis Gmelin, 1788
    • G. fasciata Gmelin, 1788 - mangusta dalle strisce larghe
      • G. f. fasciata Gmelin, 1788
      • G. f. striatus G. Cuvier, 1829
    • G. grandidieri Wozencraft, 1986 - mangusta di Grandidier
  • Genere Mungotictis Pocock, 1915
    • M. decemlineata Grandidier, 1867 - mangusta dalle strisce strette
      • M. d. decemlineata Grandidier, 1867
      • M. d. lineatus Pocock, 1915
  • Genere Salanoia Gray, 1865

Così come i loro parenti Euplerini, anche i Galidiini in passato venivano classificati tra i Viverridi. Successivamente, durante il corso degli anni Novanta, con la suddivisione dei Viverridi tra Viverridi veri e propri ed Erpestidi, vennero classificati tra questi ultimi, a differenza degli Euplerini, considerati parte dei Viverridi. Solo nell'ultimo decennio, utilizzando tecniche di biologia molecolare, si è scoperta la stretta parentela che li lega con gli Euplerini e tutte le differenze che intercorrono invece tra di loro e gli Erpestini.

Descrizione

I Galidiini variano in dimensione dalla mangusta dalle strisce strette, che non supera i 500 g [1], alla mangusta di Grandidier, che può raggiungere il chilo e mezzo [2]. Ricordano tutti nell'aspetto le manguste, con il loro corpo agile sorretto da corte zampe, la coda lunga e folta ed il cranio piatto e allungato [3]. Ognuno dei quattro generi presenta una particolarità nella colorazione riflessa dal proprio nome comune: la mangusta dalla coda ad anelli ha ovviamente una coda anellata da bande marroni e nere; le due specie di Galidictis sono ricoperte da strisce longitudinali; anche la mangusta dalle strisce strette ha strisce su tutto il corpo, ma sono più sottili e meno evidenti; la mangusta bruna, infine, ha il pelo uniformemente marrone scuro, privo di ogni sorta di anelli o strisce [4]. I Galidiini hanno tutti la stessa formula dentaria, tranne la mangusta bruna [5].

Biologia

Alimentazione

La dieta varia a seconda delle specie: la mangusta dalla coda ad anelli e quella dalle strisce larghe si nutrono soprattutto di piccoli vertebrati, come lucertole, rane e roditori, mentre le altre tre specie hanno un'alimentazione basata soprattutto su invertebrati come insetti e scorpioni. È noto inoltre che la mangusta dalla coda ad anelli e quella bruna mangiano anche la frutta [4].

Comportamento

I Galidiini vivono solitamente nelle foreste, a eccezione della mangusta di Grandidier e di quella dalle strisce strette, abitatrici invece di zone più aperte. Tutti scavano tane utilizzate come nascondiglio e alcune specie usano allo scopo anche le cavità degli alberi. Sono tutti terricoli, ma Mungotictis decemlineata e Galidia elegans sono buone arrampicatrici. Come le vere manguste sono creature diurne, tranne le due specie di Galidictis. Si riproducono tutti durante l'estate australe, tranne la mangusta di Grandidier che può accoppiarsi in ogni periodo dell'anno. Quasi sempre nasce un unico piccolo. Le manguste dalla coda ad anelli, di Grandidier e brune vivono da sole o in coppia, talvolta accompagnate dai propri piccoli, ma le altre due specie possono vivere anche in gruppi sociali più numerosi.

Note

  1. ^ Garbutt, 2007, p. 216
  2. ^ Garbutt, 2007, p. 217
  3. ^ Yoder and Flynn, 2003
  4. ^ a b Nowak, 2005, pp. 204–207; Garbutt, 2007, pp. 214–219
  5. ^ Albignac, 1972

Bibliografia

  • Albignac, R. 1972. The Carnivora of Madagascar. Pp. 667–682 in Battistini, R. & Richard-Vindard, G. (eds.). Biogeography and Ecology in Madagascar. The Hague: W. Junk B.B., Publishers.
  • Flynn, J.J., Finarelli, J.A., Zehr, S., Hsu, J. & Nedbal, M.A. 2005. Molecular phylogeny of the Carnivora (Mammalia): Assessing the impact of increased sampling on resolving enigmatic relationships. Systematic Biology 54(2):317–337.
  • Garbutt, N. 2007. Mammals of Madagascar: A Complete Guide. Yale University Press, 304 pp. ISBN 978-0-3001-2550-4
  • Gaubert, P., Wozencraft, W.C., Cordeiro-Estrela, P. & Veron, G. 2005. Mosaics of convergences and noise in morphological phylogenies: What's in a viverrid-like carnivoran? Systematic Biology 54(6):865–894.
  • Lydekker, R. 1894. A hand-book to the Carnivora. Part 1, Cats, civets, and mungooses. London: Allen.
  • Nowak, R.M. 2005. Walker's Carnivores of the World. Johns Hopkins University Press, 313 pp. ISBN 978-0-8018-8032-2
  • Pocock, R.I. On some external characters of Galidia, Galidictis, and related genera. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (8)16:351–356.
  • Wozencraft, W.C. 2005. Order Carnivora. Pp. 532–628 in Wilson, D.E. & Reeder, D.M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: a taxonomic and geographic reference. 3rd ed. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 2 vols., 2142 pp. ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0
  • Yoder, A.D. & Flynn, J.J. 2003. Origin of Malagasy Carnivora. Pp. 1253–1256 in Goodman, S.M. & Benstead, J. (eds.). The Natural History of Madagascar. University of Chicago Press.
  • Yoder, A.D., Burns, M.M., Zehr, S., Delefosse, T., Veron, G., Goodman, S.M. & Flynn, J.J. 2003. Single origin of Malagasy Carnivora from an African ancestor. Nature 421:734–737.

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