Filippo di Montmorency

Filippo di Montmorency
Nascitatra il 1518 e il 1526
Morte5 giugno 1568
voci di militari presenti su Wikipedia
Manuale

Filippo di Montmorency (tra il 1518 e il 1526 – 5 giugno 1568) conosciuto anche come conte di Horn, Hoorne o Hoorn, fu fra le vittime del Tribunale dei disordini nei Paesi Bassi spagnoli.

Biografia

Filippo di Montmorency nacque fra il 1518 e il 1526 da Josef van Montmorency, conte di Nevele ed Anna van Egmont[1]. Suo padre morì in Italia nel 1530 e la madre si risposò con Johan II, conte di Horn: questi, uno degli uomini più ricchi dei Paesi Bassi, una decina di anni dopo decise di lasciare il contado ai figli della seconda moglie, a patto che ne assumessero il nome[1]. Paggio e poi ciambellano presso la corte di Carlo V d'Asburgo Filippo nel 1546 sposò Walburgis di Neuenahr, nove anni dopo divenne Statolder della Gheldria e poi Ammiraglio delle Fiandre e cavaliere dell'Ordine del Toson d'oro[2].

Nel 1559 Filippo fu al comando della flotta che doveva portare Filippo II di Spagna dai Paesi Bassi alla Spagna dove rimase fino al 1563. Quando tornò in patria insieme a Guglielmo I d'Orange e a Lamoral di Egmont si mise a capo del partito di coloro che si opponevano all'applicazione dell'Inquisizione nei Paesi Bassi da parte del cardinale Antoine Perrenot de Granvelle costringendolo a lasciare il paese[3]. Alla partenza del porporato i tre continuarono a protestare contro l'introduzione dell'Inquisizione e contro il governo spagnolo e anche se Filippo apparentemente cedette a tali richieste stava in realtà preparando il contrattacco. La reggente Margherita d'Austria fu rimpiazzata da Fernando Álvarez de Toledo che giunse nei Paesi Bassi con un esercito di veterani[3].

Guglielmo fuggì, ma Filippo ed Egmont, a dispetto degli avvertimenti ricevuti, rimasero per fronteggiare gli accadimenti, catturati vennero portati al neonato Consiglio dei torbidi dove vennero condannati quali traditori[3]. Vi furono numerosi quanto vani sforzi per far sì che Filippo potesse ottenere un processo onesto oltre a numerosi appelli alla clemenza da parte di uomini di rilievo sparsi per tutta l'Europa. Filippo ed Egmont vennero decapitati il 5 giugno 1568 al Grand Place di fronte al Municipio di Bruxelles.

Riconoscimenti

A Bruxelles oggi c'è una statua dedicata ai due uomini considerati come i primi leader del movimento "indipendentista"; ne divenne poi erede Guglielmo I d'Orange, fino al suo assassino a Delft, nel 1584, dopo aver efficacemente combattuto nella Guerra degli ottant'anni.

Onorificenze

Note

  1. ^ a b Albertus van Hulzen, De Grote Geus: en het falende Driemanschap, (Typographie Rombus, 1995
  2. ^ John B. Roney, Culture and Customs of the Netherlands, (Macmillan, 2009)
  3. ^ a b c Lamoral Graaf von Egmont, Spencer C. Tucker, 500 Great Military Leaders, ed. Spencer C. Tucker

Altri progetti

Collegamenti esterni

Predecessore Statolder di Gheldria e di Zutphen Successore
Filips van Lalaing 1555-1560 Karel van Brimeu
Controllo di autoritàVIAF (EN) 87406783 · ISNI (EN) 0000 0000 7826 6459 · CERL cnp00580507 · LCCN (EN) nr2002030423 · GND (DE) 124375596 · BNE (ES) XX1668954 (data) · BNF (FR) cb15550642b (data)
  Portale Biografie

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