Facies zeolitica

La facies zeolitica è la facies metamorfica di più basso grado. Prende il nome da alcuni minerali della famiglia delle zeoliti, allumosilicati idrati, che in parte la caratterizzano. È delimitata inferiormente dalla diagenesi e superiormente dalla facies a prehnite-pumpellyite. Le temperature e le pressioni modeste che si raggiungono in questa facies segnano, infatti, il passaggio dalla diagenesi al metamorfismo.

Caratteristiche delle rocce della facies zeolitica

La facies zeolitica spazia in un campo di temperature tra i 100 e 200 °C e le pressioni variano da circa 0,1 a 0,4 GPa, corrispondenti a profondità di 1-5 km. A questo stadio le rocce conservano ancora buona parte dei minerali del protolito. La comparsa della foliazione, causata dall'orientamento su piani paralleli dei minerali lamellari come le argille, le miche e le cloriti, caratterizza alcune rocce di questa facies. Una delle reazioni che indica il passaggio verso la facies a prehnite-punpellyite è quella che segna la comparsa dell'albite:

analcime + quarzo → albite + H2O

Paragenesi in base al chimismo del protolito

Le principali paragenesi che sono presenti in questa facies a seconda del chimismo del protolito sono[1]:

In rocce femiche:

In rocce pelitiche:

In rocce quarzo-feldspatiche:

  • Heulandite + analcime, laumontite + albite, entrambe con ± quarzo ± ossidi di Fe-Ti (la wairakite si può presentare al posto dell'heulandite; alcune rocce contengono clorite)

In rocce carbonatiche e a silicati di calcio:

Note

  1. ^ Best M.G. - Igneous and metamorphic petrology, 2nd edition (2003) - Blackwell, pag. 410

Bibliografia

  • Best M.G. - Igneous and metamorphic petrology, 2nd edition (2003) - Blackwell
  • D'Amico C., Innocenti F., Sassi F.P.- Magmatismo e metamorfismo (2001) - UTET, Torino

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