Erica arborea

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Erica arborea
Erica arborea
Stato di conservazione
Rischio minimo[1]
Classificazione APG IV
DominioEukaryota
RegnoPlantae
(clade)Angiosperme
(clade)Mesangiosperme
(clade)Eudicotiledoni
(clade)Eudicotiledoni centrali
(clade)Superasteridi
OrdineEricales
FamigliaEricaceae
SottofamigliaEricoideae
TribùEriceae
GenereErica
SpecieE. arborea
Classificazione Cronquist
DominioEukaryota
RegnoPlantae
DivisioneMagnoliophyta
ClasseMagnoliopsida
OrdineEricales
FamigliaEricaceae
GenereErica
SpecieE. arborea
Nomenclatura binomiale
Erica arborea
L., 1753
Areale

Erica arborea L., 1753 è un arbusto sempreverde appartenente alla famiglia delle Ericaceae.[2]

Descrizione

Infiorescenza

È un arbusto sempreverde a portamento eretto, alto sino a 6 m, dalla corteccia rossastra, con numerosi rami.[3]

Le foglie sono aghiformi, persistenti e coriacee, verde scuro, normalmente in verticilli di quattro, con margine dentellato.

I fiori sono piccoli, penduli, molto numerosi, riuniti in ricche infiorescenze terminali, dal colore bianco-crema e profumati. Fioritura: marzo-maggio.

I frutti sono delle capsule contenenti numerosi piccoli semi.

Distribuzione e habitat

È distribuita in Africa settentrionale e centro-orientale, Europa meridionale, e nelle Canarie[1][2].

In Italia ha distribuzione peninsulare con popolazioni presenti anche oltre lo spartiacque appenninico; è presente anche nelle isole (tipico elemento della macchia mediterranea)[4].

Usi

Le ramificazioni di erica legate in fascina sono utilizzate per fare scope e infatti veniva chiamata scopiglia, e un tempo potevano costituire le coperture e le pareti di abitazioni povere e capanni.

Per ottenere i bozzoli per la filatura della seta, i bachi erano posti, spesso, su rami di erica.

La parte inferiore della ceppa, era "cotta" (combustione interrotta) nella carbonaia nel bosco, per ottenere un carbone in grado di sviluppare molto calore. Il carbone da legno d'erica era richiesto nelle officine dei fabbri per la forgiatura del ferro.

Il legno rossiccio di erica arborea è duro e pregiato, ed è il materiale più utilizzato nella costruzione dei fornelli da pipa. La parte utilizzata per ottenere la pipa è quella nodosa della base, in angolo, il cosiddetto "ciocco".

Usi dei fiori

I fiori hanno interesse officinale e la pianta è medicinale. L'infuso delle sommità fiorite è ritenuto diuretico, disinfettante ed antireumatico; anticamente si credeva che avesse la virtù di guarire i morsi delle vipere[5].

I fiori hanno anche uso apistico: è una buona pianta mellifera, cioè sono bottinati dalle api per il polline, e per il nettare[6] da cui ottengono un ottimo miele monoflorale, anche se, per il periodo di fioritura, ha più umidità rispetto ad altri.

Note

  1. ^ a b (EN) Erica arborea, su IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, Versione 2020.2, IUCN, 2020. URL consultato il 4 novembre 2023.
  2. ^ a b (EN) Erica arborea L., su Plants of the World Online, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. URL consultato il 4 novembre 2023.
  3. ^ Erica arborea, su sardegnaforeste.it. URL consultato il 4 novembre 2023.
  4. ^ Erica arborea, su actaplantarum.org. URL consultato il 4 novembre 2023.
  5. ^ F.Mearelli e C.Tardelli, Maremma mediterranea in "Erboristeria domani", luglio-agosto 1995
  6. ^ (FR) Erica arborea & Apis mellifera, su Florabeilles, 2 aprile 2016. URL consultato l'8 marzo 2020.

Voci correlate

Altri progetti

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  Portale Botanica: accedi alle voci di Wikipedia che trattano di botanica

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