Eredità universale

L'eredità universale è una proposta affinché tutti i cittadini, raggiunta una certa età, ricevano un'assegnazione economica da parte dello Stato.[1][2]

L'eredità è uno degli elementi giuridici ed economici che contribuisce maggiormente a perpetuare l'ineguaglianza.[2][3][4] Pertanto, dalle correnti economiche eterodosse si è criticata l'eredità sia dal punto di vista storico, in quanto la proprietà e l'ineguaglianza nella sua distribuzione non potrebbero essere comprese senza l'accumulazione originaria del capitale, sia dal punto di vista etico e di giustizia, poiché nessun essere umano avrebbe diritto a una maggiore proprietà sulla ricchezza della Terra semplicemente per il fatto di nascere in una famiglia piuttosto che in un'altra.[5][6]

In questo senso, l'eredità universale è stata proposta come una forma di compensazione dell'ineguaglianza nella distribuzione della ricchezza, che sarebbe finanziata attraverso imposte progressive.[7][8]

La prima proposta sull'eredità universale fu fatta da Thomas Paine nel 1795,[9] sebbene da allora siano state proposte misure simili in diversi paesi e momenti storici.[7]

Tra le critiche a questa misura vi è il fatto che venga considerata un'eredità per tutti i cittadini, senza tenere conto del loro livello economico.[10] Inoltre, potrebbe comportare una riduzione degli sforzi dei giovani nel formarsi e contribuire con il loro lavoro al benessere dell'intera società.[11]

Note

  1. ^ Elena Granaglia, La proposta dell’eredità universale, su Neodemos, 7 dicembre 2021.
  2. ^ a b España 2050. Fundamentos y propuestas para una Estrategia Nacional de Largo Plazo (PDF), su Gobierno de España, 2021.
  3. ^ Los ricos en Florencia son los mismos desde hace 600 años, su Diario ABC, 30 maggio 2016.
  4. ^ Juan C. Palomino, Gustavo A. Marrero, Brian Nolan e Juan Gabriel, Wealth Inequality, Intergenerational Transfers and Family Background, in Social Science Research Network, 18 giugno 2020, DOI:10.2139/ssrn.3623547.
  5. ^ Marx Karl, Il capitale, 1867.
  6. ^ Thomas Piketty, Il capitale nel XXI secolo, 2013.
  7. ^ a b Piketty propone un sistema de "herencia" universal pagado por los multimillonarios, su Expansión, 30 novembre 2019.
  8. ^ Herencia universal: una propuesta que enreda y no soluciona mucho, su La tramoyas, 5 maggio 2023.
  9. ^ ¿Es factible la herencia universal de 20.000 euros a quienes cumplan 18 años que propone Yolanda Díaz?, su ON ECONOMIA, 4 luglio 2023.
  10. ^ Patricia Pérez, Herencia universal para jóvenes: así es la polémica medida que plantea Yolanda Díaz, su El Comercio: Diario de Asturias, 4 luglio 2023.
  11. ^ Domingo Soriano, ¿Tiene sentido regalar 20.000€ a los 18? Las claves de la propuesta más peculiar de Yolanda Díaz, su Libre Mercado, 6 maggio 2023.

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