Emblemata

Emblemata
Titolo originaleEmblematum liber
Altri titoliEmblematum libellus
Frontespizio degli Andreæ Alciati emblemata cvm commentariis amplissimis (1621)
AutoreAndrea Alciato
1ª ed. originale1531
GenereEmblematica
Sottogenerelibro di emblemi
Lingua originalelatino
Modifica dati su Wikidata · Manuale

Emblemata (Emblematum liber) di Andrea Alciato è l'opera capostipite di un intero genere letterario, quello del libro di emblemi, che conoscerà una notevole fortuna nella cultura umanistica e rinascimentale dell'intera Europa. Fu pubblicato per la prima volta nel 1531 ad Augusta in Germania, con il titolo, comprensivo del nome dell'autore e del dedicatario, Viri clarissimi D. Andreae Alciati iurisconsultiss. Mediol. ad D. Chonradum Peutingerum Augustanum iurisconsultum Emblematum liber.

Storia editoriale

Impressa dallo stampatore Heinrich Steyner, la prima edizione non autorizzata del 1531 fu compilata a partire da un manoscritto di poesie latine che il giurista italiano Andrea Alciato aveva dedicato al suo amico Konrad Peutinger e fatto circolare tra i suoi conoscenti. L'edizione del 1531 fu presto seguita da un'edizione del 1534, autorizzata dall'autore e pubblicata a Parigi da Christian Wechel: tale edizione uscì con il titolo Andreae Alciati Emblematum libellus ("Libretto di emblemi di Andrea Alciato").

Emblemata crebbe fino a includere più di 200 emblemi singoli e uscì in centinaia di edizioni, di cui probabilmente la più conosciuta è quella pubblicata da Tozzi a Padova nel 1621 con commenti di Claude Mignault e Francisco Sánchez de las Brozas e note di Lorenzo Pignoria, ristampata nel 1661.[1]

Contenuto dell'opera

Emblemata è il plurale della parola latina emblema (dal greco ἔμβλημα, émblēma), termine che indica un elemento decorativo, un mosaico o un ornamento: nella sua prefazione a Peutinger, Alciato descrive i suoi emblemi come un dotto divertimento, un passatempo per gli umanisti imbevuti di cultura classica. A tale proposito, così recita la prefazione, in traduzione italiana:

«Mentre i bambini si divertono con le nocciole e i giovani con i dadi, così giocare a carte riempie il tempo dei pigri. Nella stagione delle feste noi elaboriamo questi emblemi, fatti dalla nobile mano degli artigiani. Proprio come si aggiungono guarnizioni agli abiti e distintivi ai cappelli, così si addice a ognuno di noi scrivere segni muti. Anche se il supremo imperatore può darti preziose monete e finissimi oggetti antichi, io do a te, poeta a un altro poeta, doni di carta: prendi questi, Konrad, segno del mio amore.»

Fortuna letteraria

L'opera di Alciato generò migliaia di imitazioni in tutte le lingue vernacolari europee: di argomento profano, religioso o amoroso, i libri di emblemi furono parte integrante della cultura europea per due secoli. Tra gli epigoni e imitatori vi fu Pierre Coustau (alias Petrus Costalius) che, nel 1555, a Lione, pubblicò 122 emblemi in Pegma, cum narrationibus philosophicis. Coustau, debitore di Alciati, introduce un'originale innovazione, l'accompagnamento degli emblemi con "narrationes philosophicae", sorta di saggi filosofici, ciascuno dei quali autosufficiente e in sé compiuto, in una maniera che può ricordare i Saggi di Michel de Montaigne.

Edizioni

  • Viri clarissimi D. Andreae Alciati iurisconsultiss. Mediol. ad D. Chonradum Peutingerum Augustanum iurisconsultum Emblematum liber, Augustae Vindelicorum, per Heynricum Steynerum, 1531 die VI Aprilis.
  • Andreae Alciati Emblematum libellus, Parisiis, excudebant Christianus Wechelus, 1534.

Note

  1. ^ (LA) Andrea Alciati, Andreæ Alciati Emblemata Cvm Commentariis Clavdii Minois I. C. Francisci Sanctii Brocensis, & Notis Lavrentii Pignorii Patavini, Patavii, Apud Petrum Paulum Tozzium, 1621. URL consultato il 12 giugno 2019.

Bibliografia

  • Marco Callegari, Marginalia sull'edizione padovana del 1621 degli Emblemata di Andrea Alciati, in Saggi e Memorie di storia dell'arte, vol. 27, 2003, pp. 227-231, JSTOR 43140914.

Altri progetti

Collegamenti esterni

Controllo di autoritàVIAF (EN) 177731903 · LCCN (EN) n86068516 · GND (DE) 4119774-4 · BNE (ES) XX2221552 (data) · BNF (FR) cb12050404z (data) · J9U (EN, HE) 987007597329405171
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