Eclettismo (arte)

Voce principale: Eclettismo.
Villa Blanc, residenza romana del barone Alberto Blanc, progettata e costruita in stile eclettico da Giacomo Boni nel 1896. Nel 1996 acquistata dalla Libera università internazionale degli studi sociali "Guido Carli" (Luiss) per farne sede didattica. Foto del 2016, a ristrutturazione quasi completata.
La Palazzina Cinese a Palermo.
Il Palazzo di Giustizia di Roma.

In architettura, l'eclettismo definisce lo stile nato dalla mescolanza dei migliori stilemi ripresi da diversi movimenti architettonici, storici e anche esotici.
Le prime manifestazioni si verificarono nell'Inghilterra settecentesca e perdurarono per tutto l'Ottocento e parte del Novecento. Assimilabili a questo filone anche alcune sperimentazioni della corte dei Borbone delle Due Sicilie a Palermo, nel periodo del rifugio dalla Repubblica Napoletana del 1799, come nella Palazzina Cinese.

La Centrale idroelettrica Taccani di Trezzo sull'Adda.

Storia

Nelle manifestazioni dell'eclettismo del primo Ottocento le forme riprese erano in generale quelle classiche. Infatti si sviluppò principalmente l'Architettura neoclassica che si manifestò con il recupero di concetti e forme del classicismo greco (architettura neogreca), del Rinascimento (architettura neorinascimentale) e del Barocco (architettura neobarocca).
Nei decenni successivi si svilupparono delle tendenze di recupero dell'architettura medievale che si manifestò con l'Architettura neogotica, neoromanica e neobizantina.
Verso la fine del XIX secolo e i primi del XX ebbero molto spazio i riferimenti alle architetture esotiche (soprattutto dell'Oriente) come l'Architettura neoegizia, l'Architettura islamica (Architettura neomoresca), ma anche l'architettura cinese e indiana.
Nel corso del XX secolo si aggiungono anche caratteri stilistici dell'architettura modernista e dell'Art Nouveau.

Arti figurative

Il termine fu introdotto nel 1700 da Johann Joachim Winckelmann, teorico del neoclassicismo nelle arti figurative, per indicare l'opera dei Carracci e la dottrina estetica da essi propugnata.[1] Proprio a Giovanni Winckelmann viene intitolata la piazza creata negli anni cinquanta del 1900 a Roma, su una porzione del parco di Villa Blanc, capolavoro dell'architettura eclettica a cavallo tra la fine del 1800 e l'inizio del 1900.

Note

  1. ^ Eclettismo, in Treccani.it – Enciclopedie on line, Roma, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana.

Bibliografia

Voci correlate

Altri progetti

Collegamenti esterni

Controllo di autoritàThesaurus BNCF 2334 · LCCN (EN) sh85040733 · BNE (ES) XX558879 (data) · BNF (FR) cb16718400f (data) · J9U (EN, HE) 987007531367205171
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