Dominio di primo livello generico

Un dominio di primo livello generico (in inglese generic top-level domain, generalmente abbreviato gTLD) è un tipo di dominio di primo livello. Tali domini sono stati definiti nel 1994 da Jon Postel nella RFC 1591 per differenziarli dai domini nazionali di sole due lettere, come da standard ISO 3166.[1] Originariamente i domini di questo tipo erano .edu, .com, .net, .org, .gov, .mil e .int.[1] Il dominio .arpa viene considerato generico nonostante sia l'unico ufficialmente designato come infrastrutturale.[2][3]

Nel 2012 ICANN ha avviato un programma per aumentare il numero di domini di primo livello generico, portandoli da 22 a 1241.[4][5]

Storia

Una prima suddivisione dei domini di primo livello è stata effettuata da Jon Postel nel 1996 in cui vengono differenziati i domini nazionali da quelli controllati dal governo degli Stati Uniti (.gov e .mil, escludendo .edu), quelli infrastrutturali (.arpa) e quelli internazionali (.com, .org e .net).[6]

Nelle intenzioni di Postel di aumentare il numero di domini internazionali (iTDL) è stato istituito l'IAHD (International Ad Hoc Committee, in seguito gTLD-MoU) che ha suggerito la creazione di sette nuovi domini: .arts, .firm, .info, .nom, .rec, .store e .web.[7] In seguito al fallimento dell'iniziativa e dietro spinta del dipartimento del commercio verrà creato l'ICANN.[8]

Nel 2000 ICANN ha approvato la creazione dei domini generici .aero, .biz, .coop, .info, .museum, .name e .pro.[4][9] Nel 2004 ICANN ha discusso l'approvazione dei domini .asia, .cat, .jobs, .mail, .mobi, .post, .tel, .travel e .xxx.[4][10]

Nel gennaio 2012 ICANN ha lanciato un nuovo programma di liberalizzazione dei domini di primo livello generici, ricevendo 1930 richieste.[4]

Note

  1. ^ a b (EN) RFC 1591 — Domain Name System Structure and Delegation, su datatracker.ietf.org, Internet Engineering Task Force.
  2. ^ (EN) RFC 3172 — Management Guidelines & Operational Requirements for the Address and Routing Parameter Area Domain ("arpa"), su datatracker.ietf.org, Internet Engineering Task Force.
  3. ^ (EN) RFC 9120 — Nameservers for the Address and Routing Parameter Area ("arpa") Domain, su datatracker.ietf.org, Internet Engineering Task Force.
  4. ^ a b c d (EN) New gTLD Program, su Digital Watch Observatory, 27 settembre 2022. URL consultato il 31 ottobre 2023.
  5. ^ (EN) Program Statistics, su ICANN New gTLDs, 30 settembre 2023. URL consultato il 31 ottobre 2023.
  6. ^ (EN) New Registries and the Delegation of International Top Level Domains, su Internet Engineering Task Force.
  7. ^ (EN) Eric Roberts, gTLD Memorandum of Understanding, su cs.stanford.edu, 1998.
  8. ^ (EN) IANA Report on Establishment of the .name Top-Level Domain, su IANA, 16 agosto 2001.
  9. ^ (EN) How the International Ad Hoc Committee Worked, su HowStuffWorks (archiviato dall'url originale il 4 luglio 2017).
  10. ^ (EN) Information Page for Sponsored Top-Level Domains, su ICANN, 19 marzo 2004.

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