Il dollaro canadese (il simbolo: $, il codice ISO 4217: CAD; in inglese: canadian dollar, in francese: dollar canadien) è la valuta del Canada. È suddiviso in 100 cent. Il dollaro è stato in vigore per la gran parte della storia del Canada.
Il Canada decise di usare il dollaro al posto della sterlina inglese a causa della diffusione del dollaro spagnolo nel Nord America fra il XVIII e l'inizio del XIX secolo, e a causa della standardizzazione del dollaro statunitense. La regione corrispondente all'odierno Québec, in particolare, favorì il dollaro (la Banca di Montréal emise banconote in dollari nel 1817), mentre le colonie atlantiche, che avevano legami più forti con la Gran Bretagna erano meno entusiaste. Le Province del Canada dichiararono che tutti i conti sarebbero stati tenuti in dollari il 1º gennaio 1858, e ordinarono l'emissione dei primi dollari canadesi ufficiali nello stesso anno. Le colonie, che si sarebbero in seguito unite nella Confederazione Canadese, adottarono progressivamente un sistema decimale negli anni seguenti.
Infine, il governo passò lo Uniform Currency Act nell'aprile 1871, sostituendo le valute delle varie province con un dollaro canadese comune a tutte. Il gold standard fu abolito definitivamente il 10 aprile 1933.
I canadesi usano monete e banconote con denominazione simile a quelle statunitensi. Infatti, storicamente, le dimensioni delle monete inferiori a 50 cent sono identiche a quelle statunitensi, a causa del fatto che entrambe le nazioni usavano il dollaro spagnolo come base.
Le monete canadesi sono emesse dalla Royal Canadian Mint o, in francese, la Monnaie royale canadienne, con produzione a Winnipeg. Le banconote sono emesse dalla Banca del Canada e stampate a Ottawa. Sia le monete sia le banconote riportano le due lingue ufficiali del paese: inglese e francese.
Il più significativo tra gli sviluppi recenti della valuta canadese è stato il ritiro delle banconote da 1 $ e da 2 $, rispettivamente nel 1987 e nel 1996, e la loro sostituzione con monete. Le monete da 1 $ sono colloquialmente chiamate loonies, dal nome inglese (common loon) della strolaga maggiore che vi è raffigurata, e il nome viene spesso usato per riferirsi alla valuta in generale. La moneta da 2 $, che raffigura un orso polare, viene detta per analogia twonies (o toonies).
La Bank of Canada ha recentemente introdotto una nuova serie di banconote, a cominciare dal 10 $ del 2001 e dal 5 $ del 2002, chiamate Canadian Journey. Questa serie raffigura elementi della tradizione canadese e brani di letteratura canadese.
Inoltre, tra il 2000 e il 2002, la Royal Canadian Mint ha alterato la composizione delle proprie monete. La lega al 99% di nichel per le monete argentate e quella da 1 $, e la lega al 98,4% di zinco del penny, sono state sostituite con acciaio placcato; questa misura presa per ridurre i costi di produzione, ha creato problemi di compatibilità tra le nuove monete e apparecchiature tipo telefoni pubblici o distributori automatici.
Tutte le banconote misurano 152,4 × 69,85 mm.
Altri progetti
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