Discepolo

Disambiguazione – "Discepoli" rimanda qui. Se stai cercando altri significati, vedi Discepoli (disambigua).
Discepolo che riceve un'iniziazione dal suo maestro.

La parola discepolo deriva dal latino discipulus, allievo, che a sua volta deriva da discere, apprendere; si riferisce a chi studia o si rifà agli insegnamenti di un maestro.

Discepolato

Il meccanismo di discepolato nasce per la trasformazione della società o di alcuni suoi aspetti. Parlare di discepolato è forse fuorviante perché incentra l'attenzione solo su uno dei poli della forma di relazione "leader-seguaci", mentre sarebbe meglio evidenziare il loro legame in quanto mette in primo piano il dinamismo di questo rapporto rispetto alla società.

Filosofo con i suoi allievi, dipinto di Willem van der Vliet (1626)

Il discepolato fa parte della più vasta categoria delle associazioni volontarie, più o meno elettive. Si tratta quindi di un vincolo non percepito come "dovuto" dal resto della popolazione, sono associazioni non istituzionali. Questo genere di associazioni rispondono a bisogni non percepiti (o scarsamente percepiti) dal resto della popolazione; solo un piccolo settore della società cerca delle risposte ritenute da esso basiliari e che il leader si propone di risolvere mediante delle strategie. Può trattarsi di bisogni spirituali, culturali o di altro tipo, la differenza fra i diversi tipi di discepolato sta proprio nel loro rapporto fra conoscenza e prassi. Una forma discepolare sviluppa per forza delle relazioni col resto della società, che a volte possono essere più o meno opposizionali (può trattarsi di adattamento, riforma o rivoluzione).

Il discepolato si compone di due dimensioni;

  • Verticale - la leadership della guida
  • Orizzontale - i discepoli sono immersi in rapporti e scambi vicendevoli paritari

Importante è notare che il leader non sussiste senza i discepoli; si tratta quindi di un sistema organico in cui guida e seguaci sono in stretta e ineludibile corrispondenza.

Nel proselitismo religioso

Ad esempio Paolo o Saulo di Tarso è stato discepolo di uno studioso del suo tempo, di nome Gamaliele; solo in un secondo tempo si è convertito al Cristianesimo.

Nella religione cristiana e in quella islamica per discepolo s'intende ciascuno degli apostoli e dei seguaci di Cristo, i cristiani, che predicarono i suoi insegnamenti.

Gesù scelse settanta o settantadue discepoli[1] per predicare i suoi insegnamenti secondo quanto si legge in Luca 10,1-20[2].

Nelle altre religioni non si parla espressamente di discepolo o di apprendista ma semplicemente di seguace del santo (es. Cristo).

Note

  1. ^ Alcuni manoscritti riportano settanta, altri manoscritti settantadue
  2. ^ Luca 10,1-20, su La Parola - La Sacra Bibbia in italiano in Internet.

Bibliografia

Altri progetti

Collegamenti esterni

Controllo di autoritàThesaurus BNCF 26413 · LCCN (EN) sh85038319 · GND (DE) 4194940-7 · BNF (FR) cb12073022x (data) · J9U (EN, HE) 987007555296505171
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