Diritti disponibili

I diritti disponibili sono diritti che, al contrario di quelli indisponibili, possono essere alienati dal titolare (trasferiti ad altri) o essere oggetto di rinuncia.

Nell'ordinamento giuridico italiano sono esempi di diritti disponibili i diritti patrimoniali in genere, come il diritto di proprietà e di obbligazione.

Disponibilità dei diritti patrimoniali

I diritti patrimoniali sono disponibili per antonomasia, salvo che non si eccedano i limiti stabiliti dalla legge (la piena disponibilità di un bene può essere limitata a tutela della pubblica incolumità[1] o dell'interesse pubblico[2]). Una particolare eccezione è rappresentata dall'usura, una pratica che molti ordinamenti giuridici puniscono come reato anche se si basa sul consenso della vittima ad accettare a proprio danno le condizioni poste dal creditore.

Disponibilità di alcuni diritti non patrimoniali

Sono considerati diritti disponibili anche quello alla riservatezza[3], il diritto all'inviolabilità dei segreti privati e il diritto all'inviolabilità del domicilio.

Note

  1. ^ In Italia, ad esempio, si punisce con la reclusione chi incendia qualcosa di cui è proprietario cagionando pericolo per gli altri, come dispone l'articolo 423 del codice penale
  2. ^ In Italia, ad esempio, l'articolo 733 del codice penale prevede la punizione del proprietario di un bene di rilevante pregio che lo distrugga o lo danneggi nuocendo in tal modo al patrimonio archeologico, storico o artistico nazionale
  3. ^ Come spiega Angelo Falzea, nell'ordinamento italiano la riservatezza assume la qualificazione di diritto disponibile soltanto con riferimento a determinati fatti, mentre rimane esigenza (indisponibile), con riferimento all'esistenza globale dell'uomo.

Bibliografia

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