Diplomazia cittadina

La diplomazia dei cittadini (diplomazia delle persone) che definisce l'impegno civico e la partecipazione della classe media alla vita democratica come rappresentanti di un Paese o di una causa di interesse collettivo per il bene comune.

Storia

L'espressione "diplomazia cittadina" è stata coniata per la prima volta da David M. Hoffman in un articolo sul lavoro di Fuller apparso in Co-Evolution Quarterly del 1981. Gruppi anti-nuclearisti come la Clamshell Alliance ed ECOLOGIA provarono a contrastare la politica americana attraverso iniziative "di base" condotte in collaborazione con gruppi sovietici e (in seguito) ex sovietici.
Appunto, fisico Robert W. Fuller fu uno dei pionieri della diplomazia cittadina, il quale si recò numerose volte in Unione Sovietica per svolgere un ruolo di moderatore negli anni '70 e '80. Al termine della Guerra Fredda e con il crollo dell'Unione Sovietica, Fuller continuò quest'opera nelle zone politicamente calde del globo, sviluppando l'idea di ridurre il classismo per promuovere la pace.

Descrizione

La diplomazia cittadina può avere inizio occasionale quasi inconsapevole, ovvero essere accuratamente pianificata[1], ad esempio nel caso di relazioni bilaterali problematiche o del tutto inesistenti fra due Stati sovrani che reciprocamente mancano di riconoscere la legittimità dei rispettivi governi.

La diplomazia dei cittadini può realizzarsi attraverso scambi scientifici, scambi culturali ed eventi sportivi internazionali. Può quindi rappresentare un canale complementare, alternativo ovvero sovversivo di quelli della diplomazia e della politica estera ufficiali.

(EN)

«Citizen Diplomacy is the concept that the individual has the right, even the responsibility, to help shape U.S. foreign relations, "one handshake at a time." Citizen diplomats can be students, teachers, athletes, artists, business people, humanitarians, adventurers or tourists. They are motivated by a responsibility to engage with the rest of the world in a meaningful, mutually beneficial dialogue»

(IT)

«La diplomazia dei cittadini è il concetto secondo cui l'individuo ha il diritto, anche la responsabilità, di contribuire a modellare le relazioni estere statunitensi, "una stretta di mano alla volta". I diplomatici cittadini possono essere studenti, insegnanti, atleti, artisti, uomini d'affari, umanitari, avventurieri o turisti. Sono motivati dalla responsabilità di impegnarsi con il resto del mondo in un dialogo significativo e reciprocamente vantaggioso.»

Secondo la visione statunitense, i singoli cittadini hanno il diritto e la responsabilità di rendersi utili per servire il loro Paese attraverso la loro competenza e professionalità, al fine di contribuire a modellare le relazioni estere statunitensi. I "diplomatici cittadini" possono essere studenti, insegnanti, atleti, artisti, uomini d'affari, umanitari, avventurieri o turisti. Sono motivati dalla responsabilità di impegnarsi con il resto del mondo in un dialogo significativo e reciprocamente proficuo.
Possono operare di propria spontanea iniziativa, indipendenti dalla pubblica autorità, ovvero come agenti sotto copertura del governo.[senza fonte]

Note

  1. ^ You Are A Citizen Diplomat, su United States Department of State. URL consultato il 22 dicembre 2019 (archiviato dall'url originale il 1º agosto 2018). Ospitato su Internet Archive.
  2. ^ U.S. Center for Citizen Diplomacy, su uscenterforcitizendiplomacy.org. URL consultato il 22 dicembre 2019 (archiviato dall'url originale il 30 agosto 2008).

Bibliografia

  • Attias, Shay. (2013). Israel’s new peer to peer diplomacy. The Hague Journal of Diplomacy, 7(4), 473-482.
  • Gelder, Melinda. Meeting the Enemy, Becoming a Friend. Bauu Institute, dicembre 2006. ISBN 0972134956
  • Gopin, Marc. To Make the Earth Whole: The Art of Citizen Diplomacy in an Age of Religious Militancy. Rowman & Littlefield, giugno 2009. ISBN 0742558630
  • Mattern, Douglass. Looking for Square Two: Moving from War and Organized Violence to Global Community. Millennial Mind Pub, giugno 2006. ISBN 1589823575
  • Patterson, David S. The Search for Negotiated Peace: Women's Activism and Citizen Diplomacy in World War I. Routledge, dicembre 2007, ISBN 0415961416
  • Phillips, David L. Unsilencing the Past: Track two Diplomacy And Turkish-Armenian Reconciliation. Berghahn Books, febbraio 2005. ISBN 1845450078

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