Criminalità in Sudafrica

La criminalità in Sud Africa è caratterizzata da alti livelli di violenza.[1] La maggiore concentrazione di tali crimini si hanno nelle maggiori metropoli quali Johannesburg, Durban, Città del Capo e Pretoria.[2] Secondo l'Independent Online molti emigranti sudafricani di alto profilo affermano che la criminalità è uno dei fattori che li spinge ad abbandonare il paese.[3]

Cause

Nel febbraio 2007, il Centro per gli studi sulla violenza e riconciliazione fu assunto dal governo sudafricano per sviluppare uno studio sulla natura dei crimini. Lo studio affermò che il paese è esposto ad alti livelli di violenza come risultato di diversi fattori, tra i quali:[1]

  • una diffusa cultura di criminalità e violenza, che spazia dal comune criminale a delle vere e proprie gang organizzate. Comunemente vengono usate armi da fuoco, tranne a Città del Capo, dove si è riscontrato l'uso prevalente di armi bianche. La "credibilità" all'interno di questa sottocultura criminale è legata alla disponibilità a ricorrere alla violenza estrema.
  • L'alto livello di disuguaglianza, povertà, disoccupazione, esclusione sociale e marginalizzazione.[1]
  • La vulnerabilità dei più giovani unita all'inadeguatezza di strutture adatte alla crescita e alla socializzazione dei bambini. Come risultato della povertà, delle condizioni di vita, dell'essere cresciuti senza genitori o senza le adeguate cure, diversi bambini sudafricani sono esposti al rischio di diventare criminali o comunque di compiere atti di violenza.[1]
  • La normalizzazione della violenza. La violenza è vista come un mezzo necessario per risolvere i conflitti; inoltre gli uomini pensano che i comportamenti sessuali coercitivi nei confronti delle donne siano legittimati.[1]
  • La dipendenza da un sistema di giustizia penale che è inadeguato in molte questioni, tra cui l'inefficienza e la corruzione.[1]

Assalti alle fattorie

Lo stesso argomento in dettaglio: Assalti alle fattorie in Sudafrica.

Note

  1. ^ a b c d e f Why South Africa is so violent and what we should be doing about it (PDF), su csvr.org.za, Centre for the Study of Violence and Reconciliation.
  2. ^ Dipartimento federale degli affari esteri elvetico, su eda.admin.ch.
  3. ^ Independent Newspapers Online, SA's woes spark another exodus, su iol.co.za, 6 ottobre 2006. URL consultato il 15 maggio 2011 (archiviato dall'url originale il 21 agosto 2010).

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