Cratete di Mallo

Cratete di Mallo (in greco antico: Κράτης ὁ Μαλλώτης?, Krátēs ho Mallótēs; Mallo, fine III secolo a.C. – II secolo a.C.) è stato un grammatico e filosofo greco antico della scuola pergamena, che visitò Roma tra il 169 e il 167 a.C., con il fine di insegnare filologia ai Romani.

Biografia

Il concetto dell'Ecumene secondo Cratete di Mallo

Cratete fu il principale rappresentante della scuola pergamena, che prende il nome dalla città di Pergamo, e della filosofia stoico-platonica e di tendenza anomalista. Seguace del maestro Diogene di Babilonia, si avvicinò allo stoicismo.

Inviato, nel 168 a.C., da Attalo II a Roma come ambasciatore, riunì un folto gruppo di allievi ai quali diffuse gli insegnamenti della scuola di Pergamo.

Gli insegnamenti di Cratete riscossero un grande successo a Roma, poiché riuscirono a favorire l'apprendimento dei metodi critici e filologici, cioè il modo di editare un testo, di leggerlo e di interpretarlo.

Tra le sue concezioni fondamentali, emerse quella della naturalità della lingua contraria all'ingabbiamento delle convenzioni, motivo per cui la sua scuola è definita anomalista, poiché a favore delle anomalie linguistiche e non caratterizzata da una visione eccessivamente regolatrice e razionale della lingua come la scuola alessandrina analogista di Aristarco di Samotracia, ostile alle eccezioni alle norme linguistiche. Inoltre, a livello esegetico promosse l'interpretazione allegorica dei testi antichi, chiaramente influenzato dalla filosofia stoica, in una visione della critica più etica e artistica che formale, ciò in chiara contrapposizione con la scuola analogista di Aristarco, favorevole invece ad un'interpretazione letterale dei testi.

Come geografo contrastò gli Alessandrini e propose il modello della terra separata geometricamente da quattro continenti e la ricostruzione di una cosmografia basata sui concetti omerici.[1]

Note

  1. ^ "Le Muse", De Agostini, Novara, 1965, Vol.III, pag.494

Altri progetti

Collegamenti esterni

Controllo di autoritàVIAF (EN) 397149294239880521174 · ISNI (EN) 0000 0000 7984 1179 · BAV 495/58463 · CERL cnp00283922 · LCCN (EN) no2003005703 · GND (DE) 102385890 · BNF (FR) cb150525075 (data) · J9U (EN, HE) 987007406808905171
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